贵屿电子垃圾拆解管控前后河流及沉积物中重金属时空分布及潜在生态风险评价  

Spatial and temporal distribution and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in rivers and sediments before and after the control of e-waste dismantling in Guiyu

作　　者：熊竹楠 王思雨 王凌青[1,3] 梁涛 XIONG Zhunan;WANG Siyu;WANG Lingqing;LIANG Tao(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Patterns and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Sino-Danish College,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学中丹学院,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第5期58-68,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.42273024,42130713)。

摘　　要：电子垃圾的非正规拆解和回收已造成严重的水土环境污染,作为全球电子垃圾回收中心之一的广东汕头贵屿镇,在2012年集中管控前污染尤为严重.为评判近10年管控后的治污成效,本研究于2021年实测了贵屿镇河流及表层沉积物中的重金属含量,并与管控前文献数据进行了对比,探讨了重金属在水和沉积物中的时空变化及潜在生态风险.结果表明,贵屿镇电子垃圾拆解导致河流与沉积物中重金属存在不同程度的输入,广泛存在于电子产品中的Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cd在很大程度上超出我国其他主要流域.与管控前相比,练江贵屿段上覆水和沉积物中重金属含量总体下降,溶解态Cu含量有所上升;北港河上覆水中重金属含量降幅均在70%以上,但沉积物中Cr、Cu、Pb含量升高;练江支流沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb含量在管控后呈降低趋势,但Zn、Ni含量受其他人为活动的影响大幅上升.贵屿镇沉积物目前仍处于极高生态风险水平,其中,Cd和Cu的潜在生态风险最高,对电子垃圾拆解的污染管控仍需持续加力.The informal disassembly and recycling of e-waste has caused serious soil and water pollution.Guiyu Town,Shantou City,Guangdong Province,as one of the global e-waste recycling centers,was particularly polluted before centralized control in 2012.In order to evaluate the effect of pollution control in recent 10 years,the contents of heavy metals in rivers and surface sediments of Guiyu Town were measured in 2021,and compared with the data in the literature before management and control.The spatial and temporal changes of heavy metals in water and sediments and the potential ecological risks were also explored.The results show that the dismantling of electronic waste in Guiyu town leads to different levels of input of heavy metals in rivers and sediments,and the Cu,Zn,Ni,Pb and Cd which widely exist in electronic products exceed other major watersheds in China to a large extent.Compared with that before control,the contents of heavy metals in the overlying water and sediments of the Guiyu section of the Lianjiang River decreased,while the contents of dissolved Cu increased.The contents of heavy metals in the overlying water of the Beigang River decreased by more than 70%,but the contents of Cr,Cu and Pb in the sediments increased.The contents of Cd,Cr,Cu and Pb in the sediments of the Lianjiang tributary decreased after control,and the contents of Zn and Ni increased significantly under the influence of other human activities.At present,the sediments in Guiyu town are still at a very high ecological risk level.Cd and Cu have the highest potential ecological risk.The pollution control of electronic waste disassembly still needs to be strengthened continuously.

关 键 词：电子拆解垃圾 政策管控 重金属 时空分布 生态风险评价 贵屿 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4