哈尔滨冬季积雪中多环芳烃同大气污染物的关系及其潜在源区分析  

Relationships between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in snow cover and atmospheric pollutants and their potential source areas in Harbin

作　　者：姚馨 赵义 安琪 臧淑英[1,2] 张丽娟 张科[1] 孙华杰 孙丽 YAO Xin;ZHAO Yi;AN Qi;ZANG Shuying;ZHANG Lijuan;ZHANG Ke;SUN Huajie;SUN Li(Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Services in Cold Regions,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025;Heilongjiang Collaborative Innovation Center of Cold Region Ecological Security,Harbin 150025)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,寒区地理环境监测与空间信息服务黑龙江省重点实验室,哈尔滨150025 [2]黑龙江省寒区生态安全协同创新中心,哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第5期341-352,共12页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.U20A2082,41401589);黑龙江省自然科学基金(No.TD2019D002);哈尔滨师范大学博士科研启动基金(No.XKB202201)。

摘　　要：源于燃烧释放的多环芳烃(PAHs)易于吸附在大气颗粒物上,通过降雪清除效应累积于积雪中,是区域大气污染的良好指示器.于2020年底采集哈尔滨市积雪样本,结合前期逐日大气污染物监测数据(AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)、SO_(2)、CO),明确哈尔滨市冬季大气污染类型与污染特征和积雪PAHs空间分布特征与来源,定量解析积雪PAHs同大气污染物的关系,揭示其对大气污染的指示意义,识别哈尔滨市冬季大气污染物的潜在源区.结果表明:研究期内存在3次以PM_(2.5)为主要污染物的中度污染天气,ρ(PM_(2.5))/ρ(PM_(10))比值表明区域受细颗粒物影响显著,为偏二次污染类型,ρ(NO_(2))/ρ(SO_(2))和ρ(CO)/ρ(SO_(2))比值表明本地固定污染源和外来传输源贡献均呈加强趋势.积雪中Σ16PAHs浓度为1705~7243 ng·L-1,中高环PAHs浓度属强变异,区域分异显著,2~4环为主导组分占Σ16PAHs的86.25%,主要为煤炭与生物质燃烧、汽车尾气排放源.4~6环PAHs与PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)呈显著相关(p<0.05),表明燃烧源PAHs同大气颗粒物同源性较强且具有相似的环境行为,大气污染主要表现为化石燃料燃烧所释放的污染物通过非均相反应转化为二次气溶胶污染.进入哈尔滨市的污染物既来自辽宁、吉林和内蒙古东部工业生产活动中的化石燃料燃烧,也包括本地生活燃煤与汽车尾气的持续累积.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)derived from combustion emissions are liable to adsorb on atmospheric particles,which can be accumulated in the snow cover by scavenging effect of snow fall.Hence,PAHs in snow is a good indicator of regional air pollution.In the current research,snow cover samples were collected in Harbin and analyzed combined with previous daily air pollutant monitoring data(AQI、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)、SO_(2)、CO)to clarify the types and characteristics of winter air pollution and the spatial distribution characteristics and sources of snow PAHs in Harbin.The relationships of PAHs in snow cover and air pollutants were evaluated quantitatively to reveal the indicative significance of snow PAHs to air pollution,finally,potential source areas of air pollutants in the winter Harbin were identified.The results showed that there were three moderate pollution episodes with PM_(2.5) as the main pollutant recorded during the study period.The ratios ofρ(PM_(2.5))/ρ(PM_(10))indicated that the pollution episodes were significantly affected by fine particulate matter,which belongs to a secondary pollution type,moreover,the ratios ofρ(NO_(2))/ρ(SO_(2))andρ(CO)/ρ(SO_(2))indicated that the contributions of both local stationary sources and external transmission sources of pollution were increasing.TheΣ16PAHs concentrations in the snow samples ranged from 1705 to 7243 ng·L-1,with relatively high coefficient of variation in medium and high rings PAHs,showing significant regional differentiation.2~4 rings were the dominant PAHs components accounting for 86.25%ofΣ16PAHs,demonstrating a mixed source of coal combustion,biomass burning,and vehicle exhaust emission.4~6 ring PAHs were significantly correlated with PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and SO_(2)(p<0.05),indicating that combustion source of PAHs had strong homology and similar environmental behavior with atmospheric particulate matter.Air pollution was mainly manifested in the transformation of pollutants released by fossil fuel combustion into secondar

关 键 词：多环芳烃 颗粒污染物 积雪 历史特征雷达图 后向轨迹模型 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]