浮力驱动逃生舱上浮运动特性试验研究  

Experimental research on the floating movement characteristics of the escape capsule driven by buoyancy

作　　者：孙华伟 李宏伟 常文田[1] SUN Huawei;LI Hongwei;CHANG Wentian(College of Shipbuilding Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2023年第6期932-938,共7页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：基础产品创新科研项目(CZ380)。

摘　　要：为了研究浮力驱动逃生舱水下发射、水下上浮和出水运动特性,以及初始释放环境对运动规律的影响,本文开展了不同导向筒倾角、外部横流以及舱壁与导向筒内壁间的导向间隙影响下的逃生舱水下发射试验。研究表明:储备浮力充足的逃生舱能够克服因倾斜额外产生的筒壁间摩擦阻力顺利出筒,无需顶推装置助力;导向筒倾角是影响逃生舱水下发射及出水特性的主要因素,增大倾角会降低出筒速度,增大出筒难度;静水工况下逃生舱以一定倾斜角出筒后倾斜角逐渐减小,出水后的最大倾斜角与最大出水高度主要受出水时垂向速度影响,横流工况下上浮过程中逃生舱会产生周期性的摆动,出水后能够减小出水高度,减小垂向加速度;导向间隙主要影响逃生舱在导向筒中的倾斜角,对于出水安全性影响相对较小。To investigate the motion characteristics of buoyancy-driven escape capsules during underwater launch,ascent and water exit and the influence law of the initial release environment on the motion,we carried out an underwater launch experiment of the escape capsule under the influence of different launch cylinder inclinations,external crossflow,and the guiding gap between the bulkhead and the inner wall of the launch cylinder.The results show that an escape capsule with sufficient reserve buoyancy can overcome the additional frictional resistance between the cylinder walls due to inclination and smoothly leave the cylinder without the assistance of a pusher.The inclination angle of the launch cylinder is the main factor affecting the underwater launch and floating-out-of-water characteristics of the escape capsule;when the inclination angle increases,the exit speed decreases,and the difficulty of exiting the cylinder increases.Under static water conditions,the inclination angle of the escape capsule gradually decreases after leaving the cylinder at a certain inclination angle.In addition,the maximum inclination angle and maximum height after surfacing are mainly affected by the floating speed.The escape capsule periodically swings upward during the ascent process under cross-flow conditions,reducing the height and vertical acceleration after surfacing.The guide gap mainly affects the inclination angle of the escape capsule in the launch cylinder,which has a relatively small effect on the safety of the escape capsule launching out of water.

关 键 词：浮力驱动上浮 逃生舱 上浮特性 初始释放环境 模型试验 导向筒倾角 外部横流 导向间隙 

分 类 号：U661.73[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]