白杨派优良无性系选育研究  

A Study on Breeding of Fine Clones in Leuce

作　　者：许兴华 李善文[2] 潘瞳 黄启伦 孟宪伟 许兴成 安新民[5] 张志毅[5] XU Xing-hua;LI Shan-wen;PAN Tong;HUANG Qi-lun;MENG Xian-wei;XU Xing-cheng;AN Xin-min;ZHANG Zhi-yi(Forestry Protection and Development Center of Ningyang County,Ningyang 271400,Shandong,China;Shandong Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement in Forest Trees of Shandong Province,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;State-Owned Gaoqiao Forest Farm of Ningyang County,Ningyang 271400,Shandong,China;Agricultural Technology Station of Ciyao Town of Ningyang County,Ningyang 271400,Shandong,China;Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]宁阳县林业保护发展中心,山东宁阳271400 [2]山东省林业科学研究院山东省林木遗传改良重点实验室,山东济南250014 [3]宁阳县国有高桥林场,山东宁阳271400 [4]宁阳县磁窑镇农技站,山东宁阳271400 [5]北京林业大学,北京100083

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2023年第3期87-93,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2021SFGC0205);“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2201200);“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD01A1502)。

摘　　要：选择白杨派的毛新杨、银白杨、银腺杨(84K)、银毛杨、截叶毛白杨、鲁毛50等为亲本,开展杂交育种,获得遗传变异丰富的杂种无性系,选育白杨派新品种。对白杨派的21个杂种无性系及对照鲁毛50进行无性系测定,对苗木、1~6 a的胸径、树高及7 a的胸径、树高、材积等性状进行遗传变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析和多重比较,综合选择优良无性系。结果表明,苗木胸径、苗高、1~7 a胸径、树高、单株材积等性状的方差分析,除分枝粗度差异不显著外,无性系其他性状差异显著或极显著。遗传变异分析表明,各性状遗传变异系数的变化范围为2.94%~68.88%,材积的遗传变异系数最大,达68.88%;苗木胸径、苗高、1~7 a树高和胸径、7 a材积、冠幅、分枝度、分枝角度、枝下高和冠表面积的广义遗传力在0.7257~0.9668,22个性状属于高遗传力,受强遗传控制;胸径和树高对材积的相关系数呈极显著相关;冠幅、枝下高和树冠表面积对树高、胸径和材积呈极显著相关或显著相关。对7年生无性系的10个性状进行主成分分析,前3个主成分累计贡献率达到85.692%;运用主成分第1主成分值和7 a材积多重比较,选出YX-50、峰雄和13-16无性系,材积分别超过对照62.0%、50.9%和28.1%,杂交育种效果显著。选育的峰雄(毅杨1号)、YX-50(毅杨2号)和13-16(毅杨3号)已被授予植物新品种权和国审良种。峰雄(毅杨1号)和YX-50(毅杨2号)具有速生、干直等优良特性,适于培育大径材和纸浆材;13-16(毅杨3号)为雄株,具有干直、窄冠等特性,适于城乡绿化和行道树栽植。In order to obtain hybrid clones with rich genetic variation and breed new varieties of Section Leuce,P.tomentosa×P.bolleana,P.alba,P.alba×P.glandulosa'84K',P.alba×P.tomentosa,P.tomentosa'Truncnata',P.tomentosa'LM50',etc.,were selected as parents.Field experiments were carried out on Leuce clones.Genetic analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and multiple comparison were adopted on measured data of seedlings and 1 a to 6 a trees,and superior clones were selected comprehensively.The variance analysis of DBH and height of seedling,1 a to 7 a DBH,tree height and volume per plant of 21 hybrid clones and the control Lumao 50 in Sect.Leuce showed that the differences in other traits of the clones were significant or extremely significant except for branch diameter.Genetic variation analysis showed that the genetic variation coefficient of each character ranged from 2.94%to 68.88%,and the genetic variation coefficient of volume was the largest(68.88%).The broad-sense heritability of ground diameter,seedling height,tree height and 1 a to 7 a DBH,7 a volume,crown width,branch degree,branch angle,branch height and crown surface area ranged from 0.7257 to 0.9668.Twenty two traits showed high heritability and were strongly controlled by heredity.The correlation coefficients of DBH and tree height to volume were extremely and significantly correlated.Crown width,underbranch height and crown surface area were significantly correlated with height,DBH and volume.Principal component analysis of 10 characters of 7 a clones showed that the first three principal components contributed 85.692%.By multiple comparison and principal component analysis,YX-50,Fengxiong and 13-16 clones were selected,and the volume of YX-50,Fengxiong and 13-16 clones were 62.0%,50.9%and 28.1%higher than the control,respectively.Fengxiong(Yiyang No.1),YX-50(Yiyang No.2)and 13-16(Yiyang No.3)have been granted the new plant variety right and the state approved improved varieties.

关 键 词：白杨派 无性系 遗传变异分析 综合选择 

分 类 号：S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]