咸丰朝京师铁钱与圜法改制  

The Monetary Reform of Iron Coin in the Capital during Xianfeng Period

作　　者：何永智 HE Yongzhi(School of History and Culture,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学历史文化学院,北京100081

出　　处：《安徽史学》2023年第3期50-58,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“清代户部与国家财政治理研究”(22CZS042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：晚清以来货币制度发生剧烈更替。咸丰四年为缓解京师“铜匮”与“钱荒”,清廷“反经复古”而筹行铁钱。伴随此一新货币符号的产生,铁钱鼓铸、流通与清朝货币政策不断形成互动。尤其是在钱文反复壅滞的应对过程中,清朝从铸币投放、立法布令、引导疏销等方面救济币制。但随着货币秩序的整体紊乱,铁钱日渐贬值,以铁钱局与户部为代表的决策部门围绕铁钱减铸、存废等产生意见分歧,“立一法即增一弊”的政策纷更使商民无所适从,铁钱最终成为弃物。京师铁钱的嬗变轨迹映射出咸丰朝圜法改革的试错、容错与纠错过程,揭示了清政府在财政压力下的政策取舍与行为逻辑。After the reign of Xianfeng,the monetary system of the Qing Dynasty changed dramatically.In order to alleviate financial shortage in the capital,the Qing government decided to cast and issue the iron coin.With the emergence of this new currency symbol,the currency circulation and national monetary policy continued to interact.Especially in the process of dealing with the repeated stagnation of the iron coin,the Qing government adjusted the currency system from the aspects of coinage,legislative distribution and so on.After many devaluations,the iron coin has been accepted by the public and the market.However,frequent policy adjustments brought about corresponding problems.With the confusion of monetary order,the decision-making level had different opinions on the iron coin,which led to the collapse of monetary credit.The evolution track of the iron coin not only reflects the response process of trial and error in the monetary reform,but also reflects the policy choice and behavioral logic of the Qing government under financial pressure.

关 键 词：咸丰 铁钱 铁钱局 户部 货币改革 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]