坟产习惯及其在中国近代法律变革中之境遇  

The Custom of Tomb Property and Its Situation in the Legal Reform in Modern China

作　　者：蔡晓荣 CAI Xiaorong(Kenneth Wang School of Law,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《安徽史学》2023年第3期59-67,共9页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：坟产习惯是传统社会维护坟产秩序的重要规则体系。坟产所涉诸习惯权利,主要包括坟地所有权、上坟祭扫地役权、逝者及其后代人格权、风水权等,其涵摄了财产性权益和精神性权益两方面内容。中国近代以欧日民法典为样本构建起来的物权法律体系,将坟产视为一般意义上的不动产,仅其所涉部分习惯权利上升为法定物权,其余大部分,尤其是精神性权益,在新的物权法中基本被剥离。于此法律变革时期,民初大理院曾参酌固有习惯并糅以大陆法系物权法理,借助判决例和解释例将坟产习惯加以折衷安置。南京国民政府时期,为实现坟产法律关系的有效调整,审判机关有时亦只能委诸固有习惯裁处坟产讼案,从而使得部分坟产习惯仍具有某种生命力。The custom of tomb property is an important rule system to maintain the order of tomb property in traditional society.Tomb property involves a variety of customary rights,such as the ownership,the easement for visiting tombs,the personality rights,Feng Shui rights and so on.It contains both property rights and spiritual rights.The legal system of property rights constructed in modern China regards the tomb property as the real estate in the general sense.Only some of the customary rights involved have been raised to the legal real right,and most of the rest,especially the spiritual rights,have been basically stripped away.In this period of legal reform,the Dali Court considered the inherent customs and blended the Jurisprudence of real right in civil law system,and settled the customs of tomb property in a compromise with the help of judgments and interpretations.During the period of Nanjing National Government,in order to realize the effective adjustment of the legal relationship of tomb property,sometimes the judicial organ could only rely on the customs to adjudicate tomb cases,so that some tomb property customs still have some vitality.

关 键 词：近代中国 坟产习惯 习惯权利 精神性权益 坟产诉讼 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] K25[历史地理—历史学]