思想启蒙的两种取向之争——1920年代中国知识分子生育节制讨论的历史阐释  

The Debate between Two Orientations of Enlightenment:A Historical Interpretation of the Discussion on Birth Control among Chinese Intellectuals in the 1920s

作　　者：魏万磊 WEI Wanlei(College of History,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学历史学院,北京102488

出　　处：《安徽史学》2023年第3期68-75,共8页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：中国社会科学院大学新文科建设卓越研究项目“心理史学在史学阐释中的应用研究”(2020-kylx-015)的研究成果。

摘　　要：1922年桑格夫人来华宣讲“科学节育法”,此后在上海、南京等地掀起了关于生育节制的讨论。优生节育问题的提出与近代中国城市新市民群体的兴起和生活方式的变迁密切相关,中国知识分子带着羡憎交织的情绪,围绕生育观、婚恋观与性观念、女性地位与权利等话题展开讨论。这次思想启蒙刚动员群众便阻力重重,事实上,单就思想启蒙的个体和国族两个层面的讨论就蕴含了理论与实践的诸多矛盾。节育论者与反节育论者之争反映出个体取向与国族取向两种话语体系在主观动机与客观效果、启蒙与救亡、精英主导与民众动员等方面多相扞格,充分体现了思想启蒙转化为社会运动的内在逻辑困难。In 1922,Mrs.Sanger came to China to preach the“Scientific Birth Control Law”,which caused discussions on birth control in Shanghai,Nanjing,and other places.The proposal of birth control was closely related to the rise of new urban citizen groups and changes in lifestyles in modern China.Chinese intellectuals discussed topics such as marriage and sexual concepts,women’s status and rights with a mixed feeling of envy and hatred.This enlightenment had many difficults in transforming into a social reform movement.In fact,the discussions at the individual and national levels contained many between contradictions theory and practice.The debate reflects the conflict between individual and national discourse systems.Therefore,this fully reflects inherent logical difficulties including subjective motivation and objective effects,enlightenment and salvation,elite leadership and public mobilization.

关 键 词：思想启蒙 个体取向 国族取向 生育节制 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学] C924[历史地理—中国史]