战争、政治与传染病防控:战时澳大利亚政府对本土疟疾疫情的应对(1943—1944)  

War,Politics and Infectious Disease Control:The Australian Government’s Response to the Malaria Epidemic at the Home Front during the Pacific War(1943-1944)

作　　者：徐友珍[1] 曾泳心 XU Youzhen;ZENG Yongxin(School of History,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《安徽史学》2023年第3期113-123,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

摘　　要：太平洋战争时期,澳大利亚本土面临日军入侵和疟疾病流行的双重威胁。在联邦政府是否需要采取有效措施防控本土疟疾流行风险的问题上,囿于宪法权限和反对党的压力,柯廷政府一开始持谨慎态度。但在内外压力和战争、政治等因素多重权衡下,柯廷政府最终致力于联邦与州的协同行动,以及军民联动,采取了诸如隔离病源、消除病媒、实施标准化诊疗、保障抗疟药品和物资供应、研发抗疟新药,以及制订实施针对疟疾病防控的国家安全条例等综合性防控措施。柯廷政府的应对使澳大利亚本土疟疾流行的风险得到有效控制,由此开启的流行病防治理念和实践亦在战后一定程度上延续,从而有利于世界反法西斯战争和公共卫生事业,当然也有利于工党执政地位的巩固和联邦政府权力的扩张。During the Pacific War,Australia encountered not merely a threat of Japanese invasion but a malaria pandemic.The Curtin government cautiously approached the issue of preventing and controlling the potential malaria pandemic due to constitutional restrictions and opposition party’s pressure.However,a confluence of factors,such as pressure inside and outside the government,wartime exigency,and political calculations,ultimately pressured the federal government to seek collaboration with states and cultivate military-civilian cooperation to implement comprehensive transmission-based precautions including the quarantine of infections,elimination of disease vectors,standardization of treatment,guaranteed supply of anti-malaria drugs and materials,and the introduction of national security regulations for malaria prevention and control.These efforts proved to be successful in reducing the risk of a malaria pandemic in Australia,and those ideas and practices emerged from this period continued to some extent after the war,which was conducive to the world anti-fascist war and public health cause,and also conducive to the consolidation of the ruling position of the Labor Party and the expansion of the power of the federal government.

关 键 词：太平洋战争 澳大利亚政治 疟疾病防控 公共卫生 

分 类 号：K611.53[历史地理—历史学]