一锅法制备酚醛基炭气凝胶  

Preparation of phenolic carbon aerogel byy one pot method

作　　者：张艺端 徐晓婧 李凯 梁国杰 龚乐乐 栗丽 解强[1] Zhang Yi-duan;Xu Xiao-jing;Li Kai;Liang Guo-jie;Gong Le-le;Li Li;Xie Qiang(School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]国民核生化灾害国家重点实验室,北京100191

出　　处：《炭素技术》2023年第2期43-48,共6页Carbon Techniques

摘　　要：炭气凝胶因其优异的隔热性能和耐高温性能,成为热保护系统中的最具潜力的高温隔热材料之一。然而,由于现有炭气凝胶制备工艺复杂、周期过长等因素,限制了其工业化制备及其应用。论文采用一锅法制备酚醛气凝胶、经炭化制得炭气凝胶,与传统法制备的炭气凝胶进行了对比,表征了炭气凝胶的孔结构、微观形貌,考察了固含量对炭气凝胶密度、收缩率的影响及热导率随密度及温度的变化。结果表明,随着固含量的增加,密度逐渐增大,而收缩率基本维持在22%左右,不随固含量的变化而变化,固含量从16%增加到46%时,炭气凝胶的密度从0.15 g/cm^(3)增加到0.58 g/cm^(3),其中,密度为0.15 g/cm^(3)的炭气凝胶室温下热导率低至0.074 W/(m·K),随着温度升高热导率逐渐增大,1 800℃高温下热导率为0.620 W/(m·K)。一锅法有望成为一种快速、批量、低成本制备炭气凝胶的新技术路径。As a thermal protection material,carbon aerogels are the promising candidate because of their excellent thermal insulation and thermal stability.However,the preparation and application of carbon aerogel in industry are greatly restricted by the complex processing progresses and high cost.Here,a novel and facile one-pot synthetic method to prepare the phenolic-based carbon aerogels is proposed.Compared to the traditional sol-gel method,the one-pot method simplifies the preparation process and greatly save time consumption.The effect of solid content on the density and shrinkage of carbon aerogels,and the effects of density and temperature on thermal conductivity of carbon aerogels are explored.The results show that the density of carbon aerogels gradually increases with the increase of solid content,that is,the density increases from 0.15 g/cm^(3)to 0.58 g/cm^(3)when the solid content increases from 16%to 46%.Meanwhile,the shrinkage remains at about 22%and does not change along with solid content.It is worth noting that the thermal conductivity of carbon aerogel with a density of 0.15 g/cm^(3)is as low as 0.074 W/(m·K)at room temperature and gradually increases to 0.620 W/(m·K)when the temperature is up to 1800℃.In this work,a novel strategy for the efficient,scalable,and low-cost preparation of carbon aerogel with high performance is provided.

关 键 词：酚醛气凝胶 炭气凝胶 一锅法 超临界干燥 

分 类 号：TQ314.2[化学工程—高聚物工业] TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]