胡家草场汉简《日至》初探  

Study on Ri Zhi Unearthed from Hujiacaochang

作　　者：李忠林[1] LI Zhonglin(Xi'an,Shaanxi 710119)

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学历史文化学院,陕西西安710119

出　　处：《江汉考古》2023年第2期100-105,共6页Jianghan Archaeology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“荆州胡家草场12号西汉墓出土简牍整理与研究”(20&ZD255)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：已公布的胡家草场汉墓竹简《日至》有节气干支48条。以前同类材料去掉重复后,与之合计共为54条。经过合历分析,52条与颛顼历所排一致,剩余2条不符,但亦可得到合理解释,由此说明汉初历法的节气是依据颛顼历推排的。不过需要注意的是,这一时期的朔闰却与颛顼历不侔,表明汉初历法的气与朔并不齐同。另外,《日至》简中每年的节气干支只有分至和四立,说明这“八节”较为重要,这也是《吕氏春秋》十二纪中没有出现二十四节气的原因。The published Ri Zhi on the Han bamboo slips unearthed from the Hujiacaochang site contains forty-eight solar terms which,combing with published materials(with duplicates removed),totals fifty-four.Analysis of the calendar suggests that 52 of the 54 solar terms are consistent with Zhuanxu Calendar.The other two solar terms,although incompatible with Zhuanxu Calendar,can be reasonably explained.We thus believe that the solar terms in the calendar of the early Han Dynasty were based on Zhuanxu Calendar.We also point out that the new moon and leap moon are not consistent with Zhuanxu Calendar,implying that Qi and Shuo in the early Han calendar were not interchangeable.In addition,there are only two equinoxes,two solstices,and four beginning of seasons in the bamboo slips of Ri Zhi,suggesting that eight terms are more important.This could have explained why twenty-four solar terms were not used in the twelve periods of Lishi Chunqiu(The Annals of Lu Buwei).

关 键 词：胡家草场汉简 《日至》 颛顼历 二十四节气 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]