ERA-Interim和ERA5再分析风资料在中国近海的适用性对比研究  

A comparative study on the applicability of ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalysis wind data in the coastal waters of China

作　　者：李江夏 朱钰 徐杰[1] 姚宇[1,2] LI Jiangxia;ZHU Yu;XU Jie;YAO Yu(School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]水沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《海洋通报》2023年第3期260-271,共12页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51909013,51839002);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(21B0300)。

摘　　要：全球再分析海面风资料在波浪模拟和风能资源评估等研究中发挥着重要作用,但风场资料种类繁多,且准确性在不同海域差异较大,使用时需要进行适用性分析。本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA5和ERA-Interim再分析风场,利用多个站点的实测数据,分析了其在中国近海的适用性,并将再分析风场输入FVCOM-SWAVE波浪模型,对比了它们在常风天和台风天对波浪模拟的效果。结果表明:(1)常风天条件下ERA5和ERA-Interim资料在中国近海表现相似,风速较实测值略偏大,均能基本反映海表面风场变化和平均风速分布,吻合度指标在各站点均超过0.9;(2)ERA5对台风的模拟显著优于ERA-Interim,能较好模拟台风风速结构,对不同台风模拟精度差异大,整体上会低估台风风速;(3)风场质量是造成波浪模拟误差的主要原因之一,ERA5和ERA-Interim均能较好地模拟常海况下的波浪变化情况,而在台风浪的模拟中ERA5更优,“双台风”现象对风速和波浪的模拟准确度影响大。The global reanalysis of sea surface wind data plays an important role in the research of wave simulation and wind energy resource evaluation.As the accuracy of different types of reanalysis data varies in different sea areas,it is necessary to analyze the applicability of these data when using it.Based on the reanalysis of wind fields of ERA5 and ERA-Interim of the European Center for Medium-range Weather Prediction(ECMWF),this paper analyzed their applicability in the coastal waters of China by using the measurement data.The reanalysis of wind fields was used to drive the FVCOM-SWAVE wave model,and their influence on wave simulations on normal wind days and typhoon days were compared.The results show that:(1)During normal wind days,the performances of ERA5 and ERA-Interim data are similar in the coastal waters of China.The wind speeds are slightly larger than the measurements,which can to some extent describe the change of sea surface wind and the distribution of mean wind speed.The coincidence index exceeds 0.9 at all examined stations;(2)The simulation of typhoons in ERA5 data is significantly better than ERA-Interim.Although it can better simulate the structure of typhoons,the typhoon wind speeds are still underestimated;(3)The accuracy of wind field is one of the main causes for the error of wave simulation.ERA5 and ERA-Interim data can better simulate the variation of waves in normal sea conditions.ERA5 has no obvious advantages in the simulation of normal sea condition.In the simulation of wind and waves during the typhoon period,ERA5 has better performance.Meanwhile,the"Binary Typhoon"phenomenon has a great impact on the accuracy of wind speed and wave simulation.

关 键 词：ERA-INTERIM ERA5 再分析风资料 适用性分析 波浪模拟 

分 类 号：P732[天文地球—海洋科学]