黄河上游白河干流全段植物群落特征及生物多样性  

Research on plant community characteristics and biodiversity in the whole section of the main stream of Baihe River in the upper reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：李红霖 贺丽[1] 吴科君 鄢武先[1] 邓东周[1] 陈德朝[1] 刘思泽 文智猷[1] LI Honglin;HE Li;WU Kejun;YAN Wuxian;DENG Dongzhou;CHEN Dechao;LIU Size;WEN Zhiyou(Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第4期848-863,共16页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：四川省科技厅基本科研项目(2022JBKY05)。

摘　　要：近年来,若尔盖高原地区弯曲河流横向迁移现象越来越突出,河道两岸带状成型淤积体(点边滩)越来越多,侵蚀农牧民草地资源越来越严重,区域水源涵养功能受到显著影响,一定程度上,威胁到黄河上游地区的生态安全、生物多样性保护和畜牧业经济的发展,探索点边滩治理方案迫在眉睫。本研究以黄河上游白河干流全段岸线植被群落为研究对象,采用典型样地法,在白河干流沿程凹凸岸设置典型样地,开展白河干流全段植物群落特征及生物多样性分析研究,以期揭示白河干流全段植物群落特征变化及植被因子在点边滩形成过程中的关键作用。结果表明:1)干流空间尺度:白河干流全段岸线植被群落共记录灌草藤植物26科70属88种,其中,灌木6科8属10种,草本21科62属77种,藤本1科1属1种;草本层是白河干流岸线高寒灌丛群落物种构成的主体,群落以中生、湿中生植物为建群种或优势种,随着白河干流沿程往下走,群落总体上呈现物种数、平均高度和平均盖度、草本层地上生物量逐渐增加,物种多样性逐渐下降的变化规律。2)凹凸岸空间特征:河岸带植被群落凹凸岸异质性表现较为明显,灌木层植被种类、物种多样性指数凸岸高于凹岸,草本层种类、草本层地上生物量、物种多样性均表现为凹岸高于凸岸,且凹凸岸在中下游的异质性表现高于上游。因此,在黄河上游地区的河岸滩治理中,应针对不同的河段采取不同的治理措施,尤其是放牧、采砂、城镇建设等人为活动的合理控制及河岸带植被在弯曲河流演变过程中的相互作用,同时对凹凸岸两个关键区域给予更多关注。Recently,the lateral migration of curved rivers in the Zoige Plateau has become more and more prominent,with the formation of more and more band-shaped formed silt bodies(point-side beaches)on both banks of the river.As a result,the erosion of farmers and herdsmen’s grassland resources has become increasingly severe.Regional water conservation function has been significantly affected,threatening the ecological security,biodiversity protection,and economic development of animal husbandry in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.Thus,there is an urgent need to develop a treatment scheme for point-side beaches.This study takes the vegetation community along the whole section of the main stream of Baihe River in the upper reaches of the Yellow River as the research object.Using the typical sample plot method,typical sample plots were set along the concave and convex banks of the main stream of Baihe River to evaluate the characteristics and biodiversity of the plant community in the whole section of the main stream of Baihe River.Changes were identified in plant community characteristics along the section of the main stream of Baihe River,as well as the key role of vegetation factors in the formation of point-side beaches.The results showed that 1)spatial scale of trunk line:the vegetation community of the entire coastline of the main stream of the Baihe River has a total of 88 species of shrubs,grasses and vines,70 genera,and 26 families,including 6 families,8 genera,and 10 species of shrubs;21 families,62 genera,and 77 species of herbs;1 family,1 genus,and 1 species of Lianas.The herbaceous layer was the main body of species composition of the alpine shrub community on the shoreline of the main stream of the Baihe River.The plant population comprises mesophytes and wet mesophytes as the constructive species or dominant species.The community species,average height and coverage,and aboveground biomass of the herbaceous layer generally showed a gradual increase,and the species diversity showed a gradual decline;2)sp

关 键 词：黄河上游 弯曲河流 河岸带 点边滩 植被群落 物种多样性 生物量 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]