青海省乡土牧草栽培气候适宜性区划  

Climatic suitability zoning of natural pasture cultivation in Qinghai Province

作　　者：孙玮婕 周秉荣[1,2] 周华坤[3] 赵彤 石明明 校瑞香[1,2] SUN Weijie;ZHOU Bingrong;ZHOU Huakun;ZHAO Tong;SHI Mingming;XIAO Ruixiang(Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;Institute of Meteorological Science of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China;Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省气象科学研究所,青海西宁810001 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第4期885-894,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(U21A2021);中国科学院-青海省人民政府三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08)。

摘　　要：随着气候变化对牧草生长的影响,牧草栽培已成为当前较为关注的话题之一,阐释气候、土壤和海拔对乡土牧草生长的影响,可为今后牧草栽培提供一定的科学依据。垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)、冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和驼绒藜(Ceratoides latens)是较适宜青海省种植的优良牧草,本研究利用MaxEnt模型对当前气候条件下4种乡土牧草在青海省范围内的潜在分布及起主导作用的环境变量进行分析。结果表明:利用MaxEnt模型对当前气候条件下4种乡土牧草的适生区预测均具有极高的准确度;当前气候条件下垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾和冰草的地理分布格局具有一定的相似性,均集中分布在青海省东部、东南部和南部地区,而驼绒藜主要分布在柴达木盆地东北部、南部边缘及青海湖流域南部地区。影响青海省4种乡土牧草适生范围的环境变量具有一定的相似性,也存在差异,对垂穗披碱草、冷地早熟禾和冰草影响较大的是地面向下短波辐射、海拔和近地面气温,而对驼绒藜影响较大的环境变量分别是降水量、海拔和近地面气温。本研究对了解青海省多种乡土牧草的地理分布格局及生境条件具有重要意义,以期为开展牧草栽培提供参考。With the impact of climate change on pasture growth,artificial planting has become a topic of interest.Establishing the influence of climate,soil,and altitude on the growth of native pasture can provide a basis for artificial planting in the future.Elymus nutans,Poa crymophila,Agropyron cristatum,and Ceratoides latens are suitable forage varieties for artificial planting in Qinghai Province.We used the MaxEnt model to analyze the potential distribution of four natural pastures in Qinghai Province and the dominant environmental variables under the current climatic conditions.Our findings indicate that the MaxEnt model has high accuracy in predicting the suitable habitats of four natural pastures,E.nutans,P.crymophila,A.cristatum,and C.latens under the current climatic conditions.The geographical distribution patterns of E.nutans,P.crymophila,and A.cristatum are similar to a certain extent,and they are all concentrated in the eastern,southeastern and southern Qinghai Province,while C.latens is mainly distributed in the northeastern and southern margins of the Qaidam Basin and the southern part of the Qinghai Lake Basin.The environmental variables affecting the suitable range of the four kinds of natural pastures in Qinghai Province were similar to some extent,with some differences.Downward shortwave surface flux,altitude,and near-surface air temperature have a greater impact on E.nutans,P.crymophila,A.cristatum,while the environmental variables that have a greater impact on C.latens are precipitation,altitude,and near-surface temperature.This study is substantial for understanding the geographical distribution pattern and habitat conditions of various natural pastures in Qinghai Province,to provide a reference for the development of artificial forage grass planting.

关 键 词：青海省 乡土牧草 MAXENT 气候 地形 土壤 适宜性 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学] S162.2