高山多年冻土区地面温度研究进展  

A review of the spatial differentiation of ground surface temperature in alpine permafrost regions

作　　者：罗栋梁 雷汶杰 康建芳 王金牛[4] 孙建 张林[5] 魏彦强 陈方方 高怡婷 LUO Dongliang;LEI Wenjie;KANG Jianfang;WANG Jinniu;SUN Jian;ZHANG Lin;WEI Yanqiang;CHEN Fangfang;GAO Yiting(State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;National Cryosphere Desert Data Center,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Environment and Resources(TPESER),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,冻土工程国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院西北生态环境与资源研究院,国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心,甘肃兰州730000 [4]中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610041 [5]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101 [6]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃省遥感重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第4期942-964,共23页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然基金委联合基金(U2243214,41671060);中国科学院西部青年学者(E2290601);国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心数据专题、中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院自主课题(E1550605)。

摘　　要：多年冻土是冰冻圈系统的重要组成成分,其热状态和冻融过程的水热交换深刻影响高寒地区的水源涵养功能、生物地球化学循环和生态环境稳定。多年冻土区大气-地面的能量交换过程对气候变化及生态水文等冰冻圈相关环境要素的稳定及动态变化具有决定性作用。地面温度是高山多年冻土区大气-地面能量平衡的重要指标和冻土模拟制图的关键驱动条件。本文从冻土-气候关系、地面温度空间分异特征及其影响因素、地面温度监测和冻土模型等方面综述了高山多年冻土区地面温度主要的研究进展;并就空间异质性极强条件下植被、积雪、土壤等局地因素对高山多年冻土区气温和地面温度差的影响,以及地面温度的冻土模拟应用进行了展望。研究认为,地面温度是冻土热状态模拟制图的上边界条件,是比气温和遥感陆面温度更有效的多年冻土存在状态的指标,同时也是比钻探测温更简单经济的多年冻土热状态调查手段,然而过去研究不多,因此亟待开展高山多年冻土区地面温度及其与相关下垫面要素的长期协同监测。基于气温、遥感陆面温度进行多年冻土热状态的中大比例尺精准模拟及其时空分布制图,应充分考虑植被和积雪等因素对气温和陆面温度的定量削减作用,否则易造成多年冻土及活动层模拟与实际分布的较大误差。此外,中纬度高山多年冻土区极强的太阳辐射导致积雪较难稳定驻留,但其复杂相变作用对下伏多年冻土热状态的影响尚需长期定位监测和模拟研究以精准量化。Permafrost is one of the most important components of the cryosphere,profoundly affecting the biogeochemical cycles and ecological environment stability as a result of its thermal state and heat-water exchange,which are affected by the freezing and thawing cycles.The processes of energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ground in the permafrost region plays a decisive role in the stability and dynamic changes of climate change and permafrost eco-hydrology in the cryosphere.The ground surface temperature(GST)is an important indicator of the energy balance on the ground surface,and is essential for both the empirical modelling and numerical simulation of permafrost.In this paper,we review the permafrost-climate relationship and summarize advances on the spatial differentiation of GST and its impact factor.We also outline the global monitoring of GST,in particular across the northern hemisphere,as well as the modeling of permafrost using GST as input data.Additionally,this paper forecasts the difference of air temperature and GST by taking into consideration the thermal effects of local factors,such as the vegetation layer and snow cover,as well as the preprocessing of GST before its application in permafrost modeling for mountainous permafrost.Based on these findings,a monitoring network of GST for mountainous permafrost based on international cooperation was built herein.This paper also argues that GST is likely to be a more efficient indicator of the existence of mountainous permafrost than air temperature and land surface temperature,wherein the monitoring of GST is a more economical method to determine the thermal state of mountainous permafrost than the measurement of temperature via borehole drilling.Furthermore,we highlight the fact that the quantitative thermal reduction of air temperature and land surface temperature should be taken into account before being used in empirical models and numerical simulations,as well as the precision mapping of mountainous permafrost,which could otherwise result in la

关 键 词：高山多年冻土区 地面温度 冻土-气候关系 局地因素 冻土模型 

分 类 号：P642.14[天文地球—工程地质学] P423[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]