粉绿狐尾藻的应用、危害与控制对策  

Application,detriment,and control measures of Myriophyllum aquaticum

作　　者：黄美玉 汪涛[1] 黄雪 谢秀红 鲁旭阳[1] HUANG Meiyu;WANG Tao;HUANG Xue;XIE Xiuhong;LU Xuyang(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第4期1115-1124,共10页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：四川省科技计划(2021YFN0131);国家自然科学基金(41371462)。

摘　　要：粉绿狐尾藻(Myriophyllum aquaticum)是我国农业面源污染治理工程中常用植物,尤其是针对高氨氮养殖废水。然而,由于粉绿狐尾藻生长速率快、生境适应性强,具有很高的生物入侵风险,有时候会严重影响行洪、威胁当地水生生物生存,需要进行合理管控。本研究综述了粉绿狐尾藻在国内外水污染治理中的应用,揭示了导致粉绿狐尾藻迅速扩繁的原因,梳理了国内外主要防控措施的研究进展并总结了各种措施的优劣。总体而言,由于粉绿狐尾藻水陆两栖的特性,单一措施难以完全防治粉绿狐尾藻疯长,综合措施可能是实现长期控制的最有效措施。针对现有研究的不足,未来应进一步加强粉绿狐尾藻入侵基础研究,加强粉绿狐尾藻入侵防控关键技术研发,积极探索粉绿狐尾藻资源化利用的新途径。Myriophyllum Aquaticum is commonly used for the control of agricultural non-point source pollution in China,especially for the purification of high-ammonia breeding wastewater.However,M.aquaticum has a high risk of biological invasion due to its rapid growth rate and habitat adaptability,which sometimes seriously affects flood discharge and threatens the survival of local aquatic organisms.Therefore,its growth needs to be controlled in China.In this study,we reviewed the application of M.aquaticum in water pollution control globally.Moreover,we analyzed the causes of M.aquaticum expansion and reviewed the corresponding expansion control measures and their comparative advantages and disadvantages.Overall,we found that it was difficult to control the growth of M.aquaticum completely using a single measure due to its amphibious characteristics.Synthetic measures may be the most effective method for the long-term control of M.aquaticum.Furthermore,it is necessary to study the biological invasion mechanism of M.aquaticum,study the key technology for the control of M.aquaticum invasion,and actively explore new methods for the resource utilization of M.aquaticum.

关 键 词：粉绿狐尾藻 水污染治理 生物入侵 物理措施 化学措施 生物措施 资源化利用 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]