独生子女父母的养老需求及社会支持体系探析——基于重庆市主城区的调查  

An analysis of elderly care of only-child parents and the social support system--Based on a survey of the city proper of Chongqing

作　　者：陈元刚[1] 张丽媛 CHEN Yuangang;ZHANG Liyuan(School of Management,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China;School of Economics and Finance,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学管理学院,重庆400054 [2]重庆理工大学经济金融学院,重庆400054

出　　处：《重庆理工大学学报（社会科学）》2023年第5期114-126,共13页Journal of Chongqing University of Technology（Social Science）

基　　金：重庆市教委人文社会科学类研究项目“重庆市居家养老的社区服务支持体系研究”(19SKGH133);重庆市社会科学规划项目“重庆民族地区防止返贫监测和帮扶机制研究”(2021NDYB153)。

摘　　要：基于重庆市主城区的问卷调查数据,探究独生子女父母的养老需求及影响因素。对调查对象的基本情况,以个人特征因素、健康因素、社会支持因素为自变量进行二元Logistic回归。研究表明:独生子女父母对医疗健康和精神慰藉的养老需求大,经济水平总体不高,针对独生子女家庭的养老社会支持力度不足;不同特征的独生子女父母有不同的养老需求;个体特征因素中的年龄、婚姻状况、月均收入、居住方式、健康因素和社会支持因素对养老需求有显著影响。由此,根据独生子女父母的养老需求构建养老社会支持体系的框架,政府发挥引领支持作用,完善独生子女家庭的养老保障体系;社会组织整合有效资源,提供独生子女家庭的养老支持;家庭方面增强养老责任感,创建和谐幸福家庭。According to the actual situation,China implemented the only-child family planning policy decades ago,which inhibited a series of negative effects caused by a rapid population growth at that time.According to the implementation time of the only-child policy,the first generation of only-child parents who responded to the policy are nearly 70 years old now,and a large number of them will enter their old age in ten years.However,due to the fact that there is only one descendant in only-child families,these families have a heavier pension burden than non-only-child ones,and the pension problems in terms of material needs,daily care and spiritual comfort are prominent.Therefore,it is necessary to provide social support for only-child families,which is beneficial to actively coping with the aging of the population,reducing the pension pressure of the only-child families,and improving the level of pension happiness.Based on the above realistic background,considering that the population aging problem in Chongqing is relatively serious and the level of aging is at the forefront of the country,this paper takes the city proper of Chongqing as an example to investigate the needs of only-child parents and the current corresponding social support.Referring to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory,the research is done through questionnaires and field interviews on the five aspects of the elderly material needs,spiritual comfort,daily care,medical health and self-realization.For the basic situation of the survey subjects,binary logistic regression is carried out using personal characteristic factors,health factors and social support factors as the independent variables.The research shows that the only-child parents have a large demand for medical health and spiritual comfort,while their overall economic level is not high,and the social support for their family is insufficient.In addition,the only-child parents with different characteristics have different pension needs.Age,marital status,average monthly income,living style,health

关 键 词：独生子女父母 养老需求 养老保障 养老社会支持体系 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]