小江回水区江段鱼类群落结构的时空变动及驱动因素分析  

Spatiotemporal Variation of Fish Community Structure andIts Driving Factors in the Backwater Area of Xiaojiang River

作　　者：郑梦婷 杨志[2] 胡莲[2] 金瑶 朱其广 邹曦[2] 乔晔[2] 刘小燕[1] 唐会元[2] ZHENG Meng-ting;YANG Zhi;HU Lian;JIN Yao;ZHU Qi-guang;ZOU Xi;QIAO Ye;LIU Xiao-yan;TANG Hui-yuan(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第3期42-53,共12页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFC0408904);国家自然科学基金(51779157);湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2021JJ30336);中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目“三峡库区产黏沉性卵鱼类自然繁殖的生态调度需求及调度方式研究”。

摘　　要：调查小江下游回水区鱼类资源,探讨三峡水库175 m正常蓄水后该江段鱼类群落结构的时空变动特征及其驱动因素,为小江鱼类资源保护提供参考依据。在小江下游渠口、养鹿、高阳和黄石设置4个采样江段,1个位于水库变动回水区,3个位于水库常年回水区。基于2013年和2019年5-7月及10-11月开展的鱼类资源调查数据,采用多元分析方法量化分析小江回水区江段非生物因子时空变动与鱼类群落结构时空变动的关系。结果显示:2013年和2019年共在小江回水区江段采集到鱼类74种,隶属于7目15科56属,其中优势种鱼类15种,长江上游特有鱼类7种,外来鱼类5种;小江常年回水区的鱼类群落结构在2019年发生了明显改变,而变动回水区江段的鱼类群落结构在2013年和2019年间无明显差异;小江常年回水区江段的鱼类群落结构在2013年显示出明显的季节变动特征,而在2019年季节性变动特征不明显;变动回水区江段的鱼类群落结构在2013年和2019年均存在明显的季节变动;总磷含量、磷酸盐含量、水温和流速显著影响小江回水区江段鱼类群落结构的时空分布格局,其中磷酸盐含量和水温是最关键的驱动因素。尽量维持小江变动回水区的自然生境特征、采取措施控制小江常年回水区外来物种的数量以及严格控制外源营养物的输入,对于保护小江土著鱼类资源具有重要意义。In this study,we explored the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of fish community structure and their driving factors in the backwater area of Xiaojiang River after the normal storage(175m after 2012)and operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir.It aimed to provide reference for the fish resource protection in the backwater area of Xiaojiang River.The study was based on the fish resource survey and habitat data collection conducted in four sections(Qukou in the variable backwater area,Yanglu,Gaoyang and Huangshi sections in the perennial backwater area)of the Xiaojiang River from May to July in 2013 and from October to November in 2019,and the relationship between the abiotic factors and the changes of fish community structure was quantitatively analyzed using multivariate analysis method.Results show that a total of 74 fish species belonging to 56 genera,15 families and 7 orders were collected from the backwater area of Xiaojiang River in 2013 and 2019,including 15 dominant species,7 endemic species and 5 exotic species.There were 69 fish species collected in 2013,while there were 62 fish species collected in 2019.The fish community structure in the perennial backwater area of Xiaojiang River has changed significantly in 2019,while no significant difference in the fish community structures in the river section of the variable backwater area was observed between 2013 and 2019.The fish community structure in the perennial backwater area of Xiaojiang River showed obvious seasonal variation in 2013,while the seasonal variation became less obvious in 2019.The fish community structure in the variable backwater area of Xiaojiang River showed obvious seasonal variation in 2013 and 2019.The total phosphorus content,phosphate content,water temperature and flow velocity significantly affected the temporal and spatial change pattern of fish community structure in the backwater area of Xiaojiang River,and the phosphate content and water temperature were two key factors driving the change of fish community structur

关 键 词：鱼类群落结构 环境因子 冗余分析 时间效应 小江 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]