大渡河乐山段鱼类群落结构及其多样性分布特征  

Fish Community Structure and Diversity in the Leshan Section of Dadu River

作　　者：王文君[1] 方艳红[1] 杨钟[1] 黄晋 何春华 杜霞 WANG Wen-jun;FANG Yan-hong;YANG Zhong;HUANG Jin;HE Chun-hua;DU Xia(Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China;China Hydropower Construction Group Shengda hydropower Company,Leshan 614013,P.R.China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,LTD.Chengdu 610051,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079 [2]中国水电建设集团圣达水电有限公司,四川乐山614013 [3]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川成都610051

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2023年第3期62-69,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022015);水利部公益性行业科研专项(200901009);中国水利水电建设集团公司科研项目(AG2012/S-46-A)。

摘　　要：了解安谷水电站建设后大渡河乐山段鱼类群落结构与多样性现状特征及变化,探讨鱼类群落对安谷水电站工程建设的响应,可为河流生态系统保护和恢复提供基础信息。2016-2018年利用地笼、多网目复合刺网等渔具对大渡河乐山段鱼类资源进行调查。结果表明,调查期间共采集到鱼类10 751尾,隶属于5目12科45属54种;其中,鲤科鱼类最多,有27种,占总种数的50.00%。水电站库区段、坝下段、左侧生态河道段共采集到鱼类36、50、35种,优势种分别为6、7、7种。根据鱼类个体生态学矩阵分析,大渡河乐山段鱼类以杂食性、砂砾底栖型、产粘沉性卵类群为主,安谷水电站坝下河段喜流水性鱼类更多;鱼类种类数和群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、Pielou均匀度指数(J’)、Margalef丰富度指数(R)均以安谷水电站坝下段最高,分别为50种和3.2033、0.8188、5.7234。水电站库区、坝下、生态河道渔获物体长在4~10 cm的数量分别占各河段总渔获物的69.17%、76.11%、78.36%,鱼类群落个体小型化、低质化明显,表明大渡河乐山段渔业资源呈现衰退,其主要原因是受捕捞强度过大及水电工程开发建设的影响,提出了恢复鱼类群落多样性的相关措施。In this study,we investigated fish community structure and diversity in the Leshan section of Dadu River after the construction of Angu hydropower station.The results were then used to analyze the response of the fish community to the construction of the hydropower station.The aim was to provide a basic reference for the protection and restoration of the river ecosystem.From April to May and September to October of 2016-2018,a fishery resource investigation was carried out across 7 transects(S1,S2 above the dam,S3,S4 below the dam,S5,S6,S7 in the left ecological river)on four occasions,along 30 km of the Leshan section.Fish samples were collected using multi-mesh fixed gill nets and fixed cages.Biological measurements of the total length,body length,body weight and species of all specimens collected were determined in the field.A total of 10751 specimens from 54 species,45 genera,12 families and 5 orders were collected,with absolute dominance of Cyprinids(27 species),which accounted for 50.00%of the total fish species.The number of fish species collected in Angu reservoir,below the dam and in the left ecological river was 36,50 and 35,with corresponding dominant species number of 6,7 and 7.Ecological types of fish in the section investigated consisted primarily of omnivorous groups,preferring a gravel substrate and laying adhesive eggs.In general,the proportion of species preferring lotic habitats below Angu dam were higher than in Angu Reservoir and the ecological river.The Shannon-Wiener diversity(H'),Pielou evenness(J')and Margalef richness(R)indices in the river section below Angu dam were highest,with respective values of 3.2033,0.8188 and 5.7234.The proportion of individuals in the body length range of 4-10cm for the reservoir,river section below the dam and ecological river were,respectively 69.17%,76.11%and 78.36%of the total catches.A tendency towards miniaturization and lower quality fish was evident in the river section investigated,indicating a decline of the fish resource.Overfishing and hydroelectri

关 键 词：鱼类群落 分布特征 多样性 安谷水电站 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学]