微生物肥料及其对黑土旱田作物应用的效果  

Microbial fertilizer and its mechanism on the growth and development of dry farmland crops in black soil

作　　者：刘京京 陈学文[2] 梁爱珍[2] 于东 李会之 张延[2] 黄丹丹[2] 刘立名 LIU Jingjing;CHEN Xuewen;LIANG Aizhen;YU Dong;LI Huizhi;ZHANG Yan;HUANG Dandan;LIU Liming(College of Resource and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changhun 130118,China;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;Nong'an Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Nong'an 130200,China;Wanfa Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Lishu 136514,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,吉林长春130118 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑土区农业生态重点实验室,吉林长春130102 [3]农安县农业技术推广中心,吉林农安130200 [4]梨树县万发镇农业技术推广站,吉林梨树136514

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2023年第2期179-195,共17页Soils and Crops

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28080201);吉林省科技发展计划“中青年科技创新领军人才及团队”项目(20200301022RQ);吉林省重大科技专项课题(20230302005NC)。

摘　　要：微生物肥料因其具有促进养分转化、增强作物抗性、改善土壤结构、降低环境污染等特性,在推进减肥增效、养分资源高效利用与农业绿色发展进程中发挥着重要的作用。然而,有关微生物肥料的研究大多聚焦在经济作物上,粮食作物尤其旱田作物方面还很欠缺,且微生物肥料功效是否适用于所有作物尚不明确。而且,微生物肥料种类繁多、功能各异、效果多样形成的认知与使用方法误区阻碍了其更大范围的应用。探明微生物肥料对粮食作物生长发育影响作用机制有助于推进农业生产提质增效,对促进东北黑土地资源利用与保护具有重要的科学意义。本文通过梳理微生物肥料分类与功效,阐明了微生物肥料影响粮食作物生长发育的作用机制,在此基础上阐述了黑土旱田作物应用微生物肥料效果及其制约因素,提出了存在问题与研究展望,以期为微生物肥料在黑土旱田作物上的大面积推广应用提供科学依据。Microbial fertilizer plays an important role in promoting fertilizer reduction,efficient utilization of nutrient resources and green development of agriculture,due to its characteristics in increasing nutrient transformation,enhancing crop resistance,improving soil structure,and reducing environmental pollution.However,previous studies mostly focus on cash crops,while grain crops,especially dry farmland crops,are still lack of research.The efficacy of microbial fertilizer in all crops is not still clear.At the same time,the misunderstanding of cognition and usage caused by various types,functions and effects of microbial fertilizers hinders its wider application.Exploring the mechanism of microbial fertilizer's impact on the growth and development of food crops is helpful for promoting the improvement of agricultural production quality and efficiency,and also has important scientific significance for promoting the utilization and protection of black soil resources.Therefore,by sorting out the classification and efficacy of microbial fertilizer,this paper clarifies the mechanism of microbial fertilizers affecting the growth and development of grain crops,summarizes the effects and constraints of microbial fertilizer applied in dryland crops of black soil,and puts forward the existing problems and research prospects.The paper may provide scientific basis for the large-scale promotion and application of microbial fertilizer in dry farmland crops of black soil.

关 键 词：微生物肥料 黑土 旱田作物 微生物接种剂 复合微生物肥料 生物有机肥 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]