短期生物炭添加对退化盐碱湿地土壤微生物群落结构特征影响  

Effect of short-term biochar addition on soil microbial community structure in degraded saline-alkali wetland

作　　者：姜珊 张仲胜[2] 李敏 武海涛[2] JIANG Shan;ZHANG Zhongsheng;LI Min;WU Haitao(Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学,吉林四平136000 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2023年第2期225-233,共9页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合基金项目(U19A2042,U20A2083)资助。

摘　　要：施用生物炭(BC)可改善土壤理化性质并影响微生物群落组成,从而恢复并提升土壤生态功能,然而生物炭如何影响退化盐碱湿地土壤微生物群落结构特征尚不清楚。本研究以吉林西部退化盐碱湿地土壤为研究对象,设置对照(不添加生物炭,CK),低量添加生物炭(生物炭:土的比例添加生物炭分别为0.5%、1%、2%,LK),高量添加生物炭(生物炭:土的比例添加生物炭分别为5%、10%、20%,HK),通过1个生长季监测土壤磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acids,PLFA)的变化,分析短期内微生物群落结构变化对生物炭添加的响应特征,探究生物炭添加条件下土壤微生物变化的主要驱动因素。结果表明,低添加量处理下,生物炭对除真菌之外的微生物PLFA均具有抑制作用;高添加量处理下,生物炭对微生物PLFA起促进作用;除原生动物外,其余微生物PLFA均呈现增加趋势,其中细菌与真菌PLFA均增加了50%左右。不同生物炭添加处理下微生物群落中物种结构变化不大,微生物群落的香农指数、辛普森指数以及均匀度在三种处理下差异不显著;生物炭添加改变了土壤养分,其中生物炭添加对有机碳(SOC)影响不显著,但会增加可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量。其中DOC与革兰氏阳性菌(G+)、革兰氏阴性菌(G-)、厌氧菌(Ana)呈显著正相关关系,与真菌(Fun)呈显著负相关关系。未来研究中应更多的关注生物炭添加对退化盐碱湿地土壤微生物群落结构影响的长期研究。The application of biochar(BC)can rapidly improve soil physicochemical properties and affect microbial community composition,thereby restoring and enhancing soil ecological functions.However,it is not clear how biochar affects the structural characteristics of soil microbial communities in degraded saline wetlands.In this study,the treatments included control(no biochar,CK),low-level biochar(0.5%,1%and 2%biochar was added according to the proportion of biochar with soil,LK)and high-level biochar(5%,10%and 20%biochar was added according to the proportion of biochar with soil,HK).The phospholipid fatty acids(PLFA)profiles and the main drivers of the changes in soil microorganisms in response to biochar addition were investigated for one growth season.The results showed that the microbial community structure changed in response to the addition of biochar in the short-term.Biochar inhibited the PLFA of all microorganisms except for fungi under the low level of addition,but increased the PLFA of all microorganisms except for protozoa at the high level of addition(HK)with about 50%of increase on bacteria and fungi.Species structure of the microbial community did not change significantly under the different biochar additions,and the diversity,dominance and evenness of the microbial community did not differ significantly among the three treatments.Biochar addition changed the nutrient concentrations in the soil,with biochar addition did not significantly alter soil organic carbon(SOC),but increased dissolve organic carbon(DOC)content.The DOC showed significant positive correlations with Gram-positive(G+),Gram-negative(G−)and anaerobic bacteria(Ana),but negative correlations with fungi(Fun).Future studies should focus on the long-term change of micro-bial community structure under biochar addition.

关 键 词：生物炭 磷脂脂肪酸 土壤有机碳 短期试验 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] X-0[农业科学—农业基础科学]