上海大气中二噁英类化合物污染水平及人群呼吸暴露评估  

Levels of Ambient PCDD/Fs and Assessment of Inhalation Risk in Shanghai

作　　者：沈晓瑜 邓芸芸[1] 吴迓名 贾丽娟[1] 毛婉莲 杨品川 SHEN Xiaoyu;Deng Yunyun;WU Yaming;JIA Lijuan;MAO Wanlian;YANG Pinchuan(Shanghai Academy of Public Measurement,Shanghai 201203,China;Shanghai Environment Measurement Center,Shanghai 200000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市检测中心,上海201203 [2]上海市环境监测中心,上海200000

出　　处：《环境监控与预警》2023年第3期29-34,共6页Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning

基　　金：浦东新区科技发展基金资助项目(PKJ2021-C05)。

摘　　要：为了获取上海环境大气中二噁英类化合物(PCDD/Fs)的浓度水平、季节和空间变化,评估上海地区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险,选取上海16个行政区域中44个市级环境大气监控点作为采样点位,利用被动采样技术采集2019年夏、冬季大气样品共83个,分析了其中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的浓度。结果表明:(1)2019年上海大气中PCDD/Fs的质量浓度为136~3939 fg/m^(3),对应的毒性当量浓度为11.84~94.9 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3);(2)上海冬季大气中PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度(13.3~94.9 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3))高于夏季(11.84~78.52 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3))。上海郊区由于受工业生产影响,PCDD/Fs平均毒性当量浓度(夏季:40.7 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3);冬季:57.4 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3))高于中心城区(夏季:28.5 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3);冬季:38.6 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3));(3)中心城区人群PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露量[成人:6.82 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童:13.7 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d)]小于郊区[成人:19.17 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d);儿童:18.4 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d)]。儿童呼吸暴露量高于成人。经对比,上海城市背景区域居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险低于上海垃圾焚烧厂周边居民,且都远低于人体PCDD/Fs每日耐受量[4 pg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d)]的10%,表明上海地区居民PCDD/Fs呼吸暴露风险处于可接受水平。In order to obtain the concentration levels,seasonal and spatial variations of dioxin compounds in ambient air in Shanghai,as well as the potential inhalation risk posed by these chemicals,44 municipal ambient atmospheric monitoring points in 16 administrative regions in Shanghai were selected as sampling points,and 83 ambient air samples in summer and winter in 2019 were collected by passive air samplers to analyse the concentrations of 17 kinds of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs.The following results were obtained:(1)The PCDD/Fs concentrations were 136~3939 fg/m^(3)in ambient air from Shanghai in 2019 and the toxic equivalency(TEQ)concentrations were 11.84~94.9 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3).(2)The PCDD/Fs TEQ concentrations in winter(13.3~94.9 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3))were higher than that in summer(11.84~78.52 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3))in ambient air from Shanghai.Affected by industrial production,the mean PCDD/Fs TEQ concentration of PCDD/Fs showed higher levels in suburban areas(summer:40.7fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3);winter:57.4 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3))than in urban areas(summer:28.5 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3);winter:38.6fg WHO 2005-TEQ/m^(3)).(3)The PCDD/Fs inhalation exposure of the people in the urban areas[adult:6.82 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d);child:13.7 fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d)]was less than that in the suburban areas[adult:19.17fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d);child:18.4fg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d)].The inhalation exposure of children was higher than adults.By contrast,the inhalation exposure of residents of Shanghai background area was lower than those who live in the vicinity of solid waste incinerator,far lower than 10%of the PCDD/Fs daily tolerance of the human body[4 pg WHO 2005-TEQ/(kg·d)],which indicates that the inhalation exposure risk of PCDD/Fs for local residents in Shanghai is relatively low.

关 键 词：被动采样 二噁英 污染水平 季节空间变化 呼吸暴露风险 上海 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]