学龄前期儿童756例家长喂养现状分析  

Status quo of feeding status of parents of 756 preschool children

作　　者：黄佳[1] 刘文兵[2] 邬清 HUANG Jia;LIU Wen-bing;WU Qing(Department of Child Healthcare,Nantong Municipal Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Nantong 226006,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南通市妇幼保健院儿保科,江苏南通226006 [2]南通市妇幼保健院内科,江苏南通226006

出　　处：《广东医学》2023年第5期640-644,共5页Guangdong Medical Journal

基　　金：南通市社会民生科技计划项目(MSZ20012)。

摘　　要：目的 了解当地学龄前期儿童家长喂养现状,分析家长喂养行为与儿童体质指数(BMI)的相关性,为降低儿童肥胖率、改善学龄前期儿童饮食状况提供科学依据。方法 采用随机分层整班抽样方法,选取南通市有代表性的6所不同等级幼儿园共768名儿童作为研究对象,通过体格测量、儿童喂养问卷(CFQ)调查收集数据。结果 收回有效问卷756份,儿童消瘦、超重、肥胖检出率分别为8.3%(63人)、10.2%(77人)、15.7%(119人)。7个维度中,与喂养有关的父母责任分值,年级主效应差异有统计学意义,表现为小班、中班、大班依次递减(F=4.14,P<0.05)。超重、肥胖男童父母对孩子体重的感知、父母对孩子体重的担心分值均高于消瘦、正常男童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。文化程度大专及以下的母亲逼迫进食得分明显高于文化程度本科及以上的母亲,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。家长喂养行为中,监督饮食与母亲体重正常组儿童的BMI呈负相关,逼迫进食与家庭收入10~20万组儿童的BMI呈负相关(P<0.05)。母亲文化程度、父母对孩子体重的感知与逼迫进食呈负相关,与喂养有关的父母的责任与限制饮食、逼迫进食、监督饮食均呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论 当地学龄前期儿童肥胖率较高,不同年级、性别儿童家长喂养相关的感知和态度有差异,喂养行为差异不大。父母喂养行为与儿童BMI有相关性,高水平监督饮食、低水平限制饮食及逼迫进食可能有助于预防和控制儿童超重和肥胖的发生。母亲文化程度、母亲自身营养状态、家庭收入、父母喂养的责任心对喂养行为的影响较大。Objective To investigate the status quo of feeding status of local preschool children;analyze the correlation between parents'feeding behavior and children's BMI;So as to provide scientific basis for reducing the obesity rate of children and improving the dietary status of preschool children.Methods A total of 768 children from 6 representative kindergartens in Nantong were selected by random stratified whole class sampling.Data were collected through physical measurement and Child Feeding Questionnaire.Results Totally 756 valid questionnaires were collected.The detection rates of weight loss,overweight and obesity in children were 8.3%(63 cases),10.2%(77 cases)and 15.7%(119 cases),respectively.In the seven dimensions,there were significant differences in the scores of parental responsibility related to feeding and the main effect of grade,which was highest in small class,and followed with middle class and big class in turn(F=4.14,P<0.05).Overweight and obese boys'parents'perception of their children's weight and parents'worry about their children's weight were significantly higher than those of thin and normal boys(P<0.05).The score of forced eating of mothers with college degree or below was significantly higher than that of mothers with college degree or above(P<0.05).Among parents'feeding behaviors,supervised eating was negatively correlated with BMI of children with normal maternal weight;and forced eating was negatively correlated with BMI of children with family income of 100,000-200,000 yuan(P<0.05).There were negative correlations between mother's education level and parents perception of children's weight and forced eating;and there were positive correlations between parents'responsibility related to feeding and diet restriction,forced eating and supervision(P<0.05).Conclusion The obesity rate of local preschool children is high,and parents of children of different grades and genders have different perceptions and attitudes about feeding,with little difference in feeding behavior.Parents'feeding behavio

关 键 词：喂养现状 饮食行为 学龄前期儿童 体质指数 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]