《中华本草》中动物药鲜用特点及临床应用分析  

Analysis of the characteristics and clinical application of animal medicine for fresh use in Chinese Materia Medica

作　　者：赵怡楠 刘浩哲 齐玉濮 宋亚刚 苗明三[1] ZHAO Yi-nan;LIU Hao-zhe;QI Yu-pu;SONG Ya-gang;MIAO Ming-san(School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Henan Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学药学院,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国医院药学杂志》2023年第7期813-819,共7页Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:82074038);河南省重大公益专项(编号:201300310100);河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(编号:20-21ZYZD02)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨总结《中华本草》中鲜动物药的药用特点及临床应用规律。方法:逐一筛选《中华本草》收录的动物药,对可鲜用的动物药性味归经、用法用量、功能主治进行统计分析。结果:共纳入鲜动物药504种,动物以脊索动物门鱼类、哺乳类最多,性味以甘平、甘温、咸寒为主,归经以肝、脾、肾、肺、胃为主,动物的全体及其肉、胆、血、肝、涎皆可鲜用,入药前处理方法以直接取用、捣敷、取内容物居多,敷、涂、点眼为其主要外用方法,功能主要有清热解毒、祛风止痛、健脾益肾、补血养阴等,气血津液病证、肾系病症、脾胃系病证、疮疡、肛肠疾病为其可防治的主要疾病类型。结论:鲜动物药临床善治热证、虚证、急症,其功能与用药部位、动物生活环境有关。相较于植物,鲜动物药更善补益脾肾。鲜药用动物资源丰富,但受药材来源、加工方法、研究基础与法律法规影响,现代应用受限,有待进一步发掘鲜动物药应用新思路。OBJECTIVE To explore and summarize the medicinal characteristics and clinical application rules of fresh animal medicines in Chinese Materia Medica.METHODS Animal medicine included in Chinese Materia Medica were screened one by one,and those that could be used fresh were statistically analyzed in terms of their nature and taste,usage and dosage,and function and main treatment.RESULTS A total of 504 species of fresh animal medicines were included,most of which were fish and mammals of the phylum Chordata,with sweet and flat,sweet and warm,and salty and cold tastes.The main functions are to clear heat and detoxify,dispel wind and relieve pain,strengthen the spleen and kidney,nourish blood and nourish yin,etc.The main types of diseases that can be prevented and treated are qi,blood and fluids,kidney diseases,spleen and stomach diseases,sores,and anal diseases.CONCLUSION Fresh animal medicine is good at treating heat,deficiency and acute diseases,and its functions are related to the site of application and the animal's living environment.Compared with plants,fresh animal medicine is better at tonifying the spleen and kidney.However,the modern application is limited by the source of herbs,processing methods,research bases and laws and regulations,and new ideas for the application of fresh animal medicine need to be further explored.

关 键 词：《中华本草》 鲜动物药 药用特点 临床应用 

分 类 号：R282.74[医药卫生—中药学]