配偶退休会改变中老年人的健康行为吗?——断点回归的经验证据与Becker利他主义的理论解释  

Does Spousal Retirement Change My Health Behaviors?Empirical Evidence from Regression Discontinuity Design and the Theoretical Explanation of Becker's Altruism Concept

作　　者：赵广川 马超[4] Zhao Guangchuan;Ma Chao(School of Economics,Fudan University;School of Administration,Institute of Social Security,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics;School of Economics and Man-agement,Southeast University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学经济学院 [2]南京财经大学社会保障研究院 [3]南京财经大学公共管理学院,200433 [4]东南大学经济管理学院,211189

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2023年第5期168-185,共18页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“价值医疗视角下长期护理保险的健康福利效应研究”(21GLC020);中国博士后科学基金第71批面上资助项目“长期护理保险的就业促进效应研究”(2022M710730);国家自然科学基金面上项目“全面推行城乡医保统筹背景下对我国农民工‘健康移民效应’的研究——典型事实、理论框架、机制解读与政策设计”(72074045)的资助。

摘　　要：退休制度在老年人的福利中扮演着重要角色,然而鲜有文献专门考察配偶退休如何改变中老年人的健康行为。本文利用中国强制性退休制度对夫妻双方造成的外生性冲击,采用断点回归设计分析了配偶退休对中老年人健康行为的影响及作用机制。基于中国健康与养老追踪调查数据(CHARLS)的研究表明,配偶退休显著减少了中老年人的每日吸烟量并降低了其酗酒概率,增加了其门诊医疗服务利用率。然而,配偶退休也降低了中老年人的住院医疗服务利用率,但对他们的健康水平没有显著影响。本文认为,配偶退休带来的正向“关爱效应”和负向“收入效应”的叠加,可以解释上述实证发现。在此基础上,本文将Becker利他主义思想与Grossman健康人力资本理论相结合,通过建立理论模型对上述结果进行了阐释。The retirement system plays an important role in the welfare of the elderly,yet there is little literature that specifically examines how spousal retirement changes the health behaviors of middle-aged and elderly people.In this paper,we use the exogenous shock caused by China's mandatory retirement system for both spouses,and adopts a regression discontinuity design to analyze the impact of spousal retirement on the health behaviors of middle-aged and elderly people,as well as its mechanism.Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey,the empirical results show that spousal retirement significantly reduces the daily smoking amount and probability of heavy drinking among middleaged and elderly people,and increases their utilization of outpatient medical services.However,spousal retirement also reduces their utilization of inpatient medical services,but has no significant impact on their health status.This paper suggests that the combination of the positive"loving care effect"and the negative"income effect"brought by spousal retirement can explain the above empirical findings.Based on the theoretical analysis of Becker's altruism and Grossman's health human capital theory,this paper establishes a theoretical model to explain the above results.

关 键 词：配偶退休 健康行为 利他主义 关爱效应 收入效应 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理] R195[社会学]