罔敢不持其律:《史通》对清修《明史》的重要理论指导  

Do as It Said:Shi Tong’s Important Theoretical Guidance to Compiling Ming History in Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王嘉川[1] Wang Jiachuan

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院,江苏扬州225002

出　　处：《学术研究》2023年第5期117-132,188,共17页Academic Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“清代《史通》校勘学研究”(14BZS001)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：清修《明史》过程中,不但纂修官对如何编修问题的理论探讨往往“读《史通》而兴起”,而且其实际施为亦常常“罔敢不持其律”,无论在史料的广搜博采、慎于择取,还是要求确定统一的修史体例,讲求体例的因时制宜原则,以及对《明史》纪传表志各部分内容的具体探讨,如各部分之间要互相协调,纪传应该记载哪些人物和事件,如何收录诏诰文章和辞赋作品,合传类传人物的分合原则与选录标准,是否保留明代士大夫以别号行世的称谓习俗,篇末史论应该如何设置,其内容的写作原则及其与正文的关系,要求摒弃前人在史论之后另设韵文式赞语的做法等,都明显受到了《史通》的思想引领和理论指导。《史通》对《明史》纂修的影响绝不止于多所借鉴,而是扮演了重要的理论指导角色,发挥了重要的理论指导作用。In the compiling Ming History(明史)in Qing Dynasty,not only the editors’theoretical discussions on how to edit often came from the inspiration of Shi Tong(史通),but also their actual actions often followed the thought of Shi Tong.Whether in the extensive and careful collection and choice of the historical materials,or the requirement to determine a unified historic editing style,the principle of adapting the style according to circumstances,as well as the specific discussion of the various parts in Ming History.Such as each part should be coordinated,which characters and events should be recorded in biography,how to incorporate imperial edicts and Ci Fu(辞赋),the principle of arrangement form and selection standard of characters in Lei Zhuan(类传)and He Zhuan(合传),whether to retain the appellation custom of scholar-bureaucrats in the Ming Dynasty who always named by alias,how to set the historical review at the end of an chapter,the writing principle of content and its relationship with the text,requiring to abandon the previous practice of setting up rhymed Zan Yu(赞语)after the historical review,and so on.All of the above are obviously guided by the thought and theory of Shi Tong.The impact of Shi Tong on the compilation of Ming History was far more than many references,Shi Tong actually played an important role as a theoretical guide,and contributed to the important theoretical guidance.

关 键 词：《史通》 《明史》 《修史条议》 王鸿绪 汪由敦 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]