马克思恩格斯对“意识形态生成”的多维诠释——由《德意志意识形态》中五种范畴谈起  

Marx and Engels'Multi-dimensional Interpretation of“Ideology Generation”--From the Five Categories in The German Ideology

作　　者：薛永龙 郝立新[1] Xue Yonglong;Hao Lixin

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学研究》2022年第2期179-187,共9页Marxist Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“构建具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态话语体系研究”(项目编号:22ZDA076);中国人民大学2021年度“拔尖创新人才培育资助计划”(项目编号:2020000609)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：意识形态何以生成的问题虽在多种理论的复杂言说中浮现,却植根于思想观念与现实世界的双重变奏中。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思恩格斯从观念的固化、现实的弱化、分工的细化、利益的分化以及实践的深化五个维度,诠释出意识形态的存在样态和内在支撑,破解了意识形态生成的历史之谜。就意识形态生成的逻辑展开而言,观念在意识演变成意识形态中发挥着中介作用;现实的退场使精神对人的统治变得愈发名正言顺;分工的发展孕育出凭借编造幻想谋生的意识形态家;利益的矛盾推动了抽象普遍意识形态的生长扩张;而实践最终使革命意识形态的出场成为可能。对“意识形态生成”的重释,关乎马克思意识形态理论的科学性,关涉历史唯物主义的形成和发展。Although the problem of ideology generation emerges in the complex discourse of many theories,it is deeplyi rooted in the double variation of concept and reality.In The German Ideology,Marx and Engels interpreted the expression and internal support of ideology from five dimensions of solidified idea,weakening reality,refinement of division of labor,differentiation of interests and deepening of practice,and cracked the riddle of ideology generation.In the logic of ideology,concept plays an intermediary role in the evolution of consciousness into ideology.The retreat of reality makes the rule of spirit become more justified;The development of the division of labor has bred ideologues who earn their living by inventing fantasies;The contradiction of interests promotes the growth and expansion of abstract universal ideology.And practice finally makes the emergence of revolutionary ideology possible.The reinterpretation of“ideology generation”concerns the scientific nature of Marx's ideology theory and the formation and development of historical materialism.

关 键 词：意识形态生成 《德意志意识形态》 现实 分工 马克思意识形态理论 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]