象牙及相关牙骨制品的形态学鉴定要领  

Morphological Identification of Ivory and Related Odontobones Products

作　　者：陆冠亚 谭笑 郝雨 吴仰耘 赵晓娜 周萍 唐泰山 赵晓燕 LU Guan-Ya;TAN Xiao;HAO Yu;WU Yang-Yun;ZHAO Xiao-Na;ZHOU Ping;TANG Tai-Shan;ZHAO Xiao-Yan(Animal Plant and Food Inspection Center of Nanjing Customs District,Nanjing 210019)

机构地区：[1]南京海关动植物与食品检测中心,南京210019

出　　处：《中国口岸科学技术》2023年第4期92-96,共5页China Port Science and Technology

基　　金：海关总署科研项目(2022HK141)。

摘　　要：选取疑似象牙、猛犸牙、易混淆牙骨类及人造象牙样品,采用观察外形与纹理、荧光试验、热针刺探试验等方法进行形态学鉴定。对上述样品的鉴定特征进行对比和分析,象牙和猛犸牙的施氏结构是独有的,明显区别于其他牙骨制品和人造仿品。同时总结出鉴定要领,帮助鉴定人员快速、精准地进行形态学鉴定。对于要求鉴定到属种且允许有损鉴定的样品,形态学鉴定方法又无法给出明确的鉴定结果,则进一步采用分子生物学等有损鉴定方法。本研究总结的鉴定要领能高效筛选出此类样品,最终实现提高鉴定效率、缩短周期和控制成本的目标。Samples of suspected ivory,mammoth tusk,confusable odontobones and artificial tusks were selected for morpho-logical identification by observing the appearance and texture,fluorescence test,and thermal acupuncture test.By comparing and analyzing the identification characteristics of the above samples,the Schreger structure of ivory and mammoth tusk was unique and clearly distinguished from other dental bone products and artificial imitation.At the same time,the key points of identification are summarized to help the identification personnel to quickly and accurately identify.For the samples that require species identification and allow destructive identification,morphological identification methods cannot give clear identification results,we will further adopt molecular biology and other destructive identification methods.The identification key summarized in this paper can effectively screen out such samples,and finally achieve the goal of improving the identification efficiency,shortening the cycle and controlling the cost.

关 键 词：象牙 猛犸牙 施氏结构 仿品 形态学 

分 类 号：D918.9[政治法律—法学]