音节显赫如何塑造汉语的专名音译模式  

How Syllable-mightiness Shapes the Transliteration Model of Foreign Proper Names into Chinese

作　　者：刘丹青 LIU Danqing

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院,深圳518060

出　　处：《语言文字应用》2023年第1期57-66,共10页Applied Linguistics

基　　金：深圳市孔雀鹏城学者科研启动项目和深圳大学特聘教授科研启动项目资助。

摘　　要：汉语专名音译的语音模式主要是由音节显赫的类型特点塑造的,不同于音素较显赫的语言。汉字对汉语译名特点有一定作用,但根本上还是源于音节显赫。汉语音译以音节为最小翻译单位,只接受音系库藏中的现成音节;库藏音节外的挂单音素须通过音素增加转化为库藏音节或删除。同类音译策略也见于日、韩、泰等文字类型各异而音节较显赫的语言,证明此译名模式与文字系统没有必然联系。同名不同译,或同音不同字,这些特点是音节显赫和汉字特点共同造就的。本文认为,新华社为代表的主流媒体的“有增无减”做法(只增音不减音)更能维护译音的保真度和统一性。The transliteration model of foreign proper names into Chinese is shaped mainly by its typological characteristics of syllable-mightiness,differing from phoneme-mighty languages.Chinese character influences the transliteration,but syllable-mightiness weighs more in this scheme.The transliteration units of proper names are based on syllables which only consist of the existing ones in its phonological inventory.Those phonemes that cannot enter inventorial syllables will be combined with added phonemes to form inventorial syllables,or otherwise be deleted directly.These strategies of transliteration are also found in other syllable-mighty languages with various writing systems such as Japanese,Korean and Thai,indicating that there is no compulsory connection between writing systems and the syllable-based transliteration strategy.Syllable-mightiness and the nature of the Chinese character together contribute to the result that the same original proper name may have different forms of translation;and the same pronunciation of a translated name may be written in different characters.In this case,we argue that the“adding rather than omitting”strategy adopted by the mainstream media,such as Xinhua News Agency,is conducive to the fidelity and consistency of the translations of proper names.

关 键 词：专名音译 音节显赫 汉字 库藏音节 译名规范 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]