中国各民族人口空间分布格局的变迁与模式研究——基于1953-2020年七次人口普查数据的分析  

Study on the Changes and Models of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of All Ethnic Groups in China:Analysis Based on the Seven Censuses from 1953 to 2020

作　　者：毕忠鹏 段成荣[2] 盛丹阳 BI Zhongpeng;DUAN Chengrong;SHENG Danyang(Teaching and Research Department of Youth and Social Construction,Party School of Hunan Provincial Committee of C.P.C,Changsha 410006,China;Population Development Studies Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Sociology and Population Studies,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中共湖南省委党校青年与社会建设教研部,湖南长沙410006 [2]中国人民大学人口与发展研究中心,北京100872 [3]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,北京100872

出　　处：《人口与经济》2023年第3期20-34,共15页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“少数民族人口迁移流动与民族互嵌格局形成研究”(20&ZD172)。

摘　　要：人口大流动、大融居时代背景下,大散居、小聚居、交错杂居的民族人口空间分布格局不断深化,为促进各民族交融互嵌发展提供了重要契机,也给全面深化认识各民族人口空间分布变迁规律提出了新要求。基于1953年以来历次人口普查汇总数据,通过计算群内接触指数、人口区位熵、人口再分布指数等指标,从人口空间分布的集散程度、地区偏好、动态变化三个维度,全面分析我国各民族人口空间分布格局的变迁及模式。研究发现:我国各民族人口群内接触指数呈下降态势,族际接触互嵌程度强化、分散化程度进一步提高;各民族人口空间扩散地区偏好存在明显差异,地区偏好具有距离邻近与经济吸引的双重效应特征;各民族人口再分布仍然保持活跃,民族人口空间分布格局仍处重要调整期。基于此,文章认为各民族人口空间分布的再构为当前民族交融互嵌发展提供了重要基础,但是已有研究仍然忽视了我国人口空间分布的族际差异性,忽略了各民族人口空间分布变迁的渐进性和长期性,对非传统民族地区少数民族人口关注明显不够。未来应从动态差异视角出发全面认识我国民族人口空间分布格局,从民族互嵌高度出发重新审视我国民族人口空间分布变迁,从民族工作需求出发从容应对我国民族人口格局变迁与挑战,从而优化民族人口分布格局,促进各民族交往交流交融,全面构建民族互嵌社会结构。Against the background of population floating and integration,the spatial distribution pattern of ethnic groups living in widely scattered,locally concentrated and interlaced communities is deepening,which provides an important opportunity for promoting the integration and development of all ethnic groups,and also puts forward new requirements for comprehensively deepening the understanding of the change law of the spatial distribution of all ethnic groups.Based on the data collected from all censuses since 1953,by calculating the intra-group contact index,population location entropy and population redistribution index,this paper analyzes the changes and models of the spatial distribution pattern of all ethnic groups in China from three dimensions which are degree of distribution,regional preference and dynamic change.The results show that the intra-group contact index of ethnic group in China is on the downward trend,and the degree of inter-ethnic contact interaction is strengthened and the degree of diversification is further increased.There are obvious differences among ethnic groups in regional preference of spatial diffusion,and regional preference has the dual effects of distance proximity and economic attraction.Population redistribution among all ethnic groups remains active,and the spatial distribution pattern of ethnic population is still in an important period of adjustment.Based on this,this paper holds that the re-construction of the spatial distribution of all ethnic groups provides an important basis for the current development of ethnic blending.However,it still ignores the inter-ethnic diversity of the spatial distribution,the gradual and long-term nature of the spatial distribution change of all ethnic groups,and pays insufficient attention to the ethnic groups in non-traditional ethnic areas.In the future,we should fully understand the spatial distribution pattern of China’s ethnic population from the perspective of dynamic differences,re-examine the spatial distribution change of ethnic popu

关 键 词：民族人口 空间分布 变迁 模式 

分 类 号：C92-05[社会学—人口学]