小麦矮秆突变体Xu1801的鉴定及其矮化效应分析  

Identification of wheat dwarf mutant Xu1801 and analysis of its dwarfing effect

作　　者：苏在兴 黄忠勤[1] 高闰飞 朱雪成 王波[1] 常勇[1] 李小珊[1] 丁震乾[1] 易媛 SU Zai-Xing;HUANG Zhong-Qin;GAO Run-Fei;ZHU Xue-Cheng;WANG Bo;CHANG Yong;LI Xiao-Shan;DING Zhen-Qian;YI Yuan(Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Science,Xuzhou 221131,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,江苏徐州221131

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第8期2133-2143,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：徐州市重点研发(现代农业)计划项目(KC21131);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03)资助。

摘　　要：在徐麦35原种繁育过程中发现1株天然矮秆突变体,经连续多代单株选择,该突变体株高性状稳定遗传,将其命名为Xu1801(徐1801)。为研究Xu1801矮化原因,进行了农艺性状调查、倒伏指数分析、苗期赤霉素处理和矮秆相关基因检测。调查发现,Xu1801平均株高68.16 cm,较野生型徐麦35株高降低24.05%,其矮化效应表现为节间减少和各节间极显著缩短;其中,第5节间效应值最大,达44.16%。Xu1801的旗叶宽度、叶绿素含量、小穗密度极显著高于徐麦35,其他农艺性状与徐麦35差异较小。Xu1801产量达8604.17kghm^(–2),低于徐麦35;而蛋白质含量、湿面筋、沉降值等品质指标均显著优于徐麦35。Xu1801茎秆粗壮,各节间充实度较好,倒伏指数47.73,极显著低于徐麦35。GA3处理可知,Xu1801和徐麦35同属于赤霉素反应不敏感型种质。分子标记检测发现,Xu1801可能含有Rht-D1b、Rht4、Rht8、Rht9和Rht12等矮秆相关基因;WMC317(Rht4)和BARC102(Rht5)在Xu1801和徐麦35之间呈现出不同条带,其他标记扩增条带在两者之间较为一致。综上,Xu1801株高偏矮、抗倒伏能力强,产量和品质性状协调,具有一定的生产应用潜力,同时携带多个矮秆基因,可作为小麦株高遗传分析的种质资源。A natural dwarf mutant was discovered in the purification and rejuvenation of Xumai35(XM35)foundation seeds.After multiple generations of individual selection,the dwarf trait of the mutant named Xu1801 temporarily could be stably inherited.To explore the cause of dwarfing phenotype,agronomic traits,lodging index analysis,gibberellin treatment at seedling stage,and dwarf-related genes detection were carried out.The results showed that the average plant height was 68.16 cm in Xu1801,shorter by24.05%than the wild-type XM35.The dwarfing effect of Xu1801 was manifested in the reduction of internode number and the extremely significant shortening of internode length.Among all internodes,the 5th internode had the largest dwarfing effect(44.16%).Flag leaf width,chlorophyll content,and spikelet density were extremely significantly higher in Xu1801 compared with XM35,and there was no difference in other agronomic traits.Compared with XM35,the grain yield of Xu1801 was lower by 8604.17 kg hm^(–2),while protein content,wet gluten content,and sedimentation volume of Xu1801 were significantly improved.The stem of Xu1801 was thick,and the internode fullness was extremely significantly higher than that of XM35.The lodging index was 47.73,extremely significantly lower than that of XM35,indicating its outstanding lodging-resistance ability.The detection of dwarfing gene-linked molecular markers revealed that Xu1801 might contain Rht-D1b,Rht4,Rht8,Rht9,and Rht12.Except for WMC317(Rht4)and BARC102(Rht5)revealed different amplification bands between Xu1801 and XM35,the amplification bands of other markers were relatively consistent.In conclusion,Xu1801 not only had short plant height and excellent lodging resistance,but also coordinated grain yield and quality characteristics properly,demonstrating the outstanding potential for cultivation.Meanwhile,Xu1801 carried several dwarfing genes and could be utilized as germplasm resources for genetic analysis of wheat plant height.

关 键 词：小麦 矮秆突变 倒伏指数 赤霉素 分子标记 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]