不同土壤强化处理对连作太子参生长发育的影响及其效果评价  

Effects of different soil intensification treatments on growth and development of Radix pseudostellariae in continuous cropping system

作　　者：陈婷 焦艳阳 周鑫烨 吴林坤 张重义[2] 林煜 林生 林文雄 CHEN Ting;JIAO Yan-Yang;ZHOU Xin-Ye;WU Lin-Kun;ZHANG Zhong-Yi;LIN Yu;LIN Sheng;LIN Wen-Xiong(College of Life Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;College of Agronomy,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University/Fujian Provincial High Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Ecology,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学生命科学学院/福建省农业生态过程与安全监控重点实验室,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学农学院/福建省高校作物生理与分子生态重点实验室,福建福州350002

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第8期2225-2239,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFE0121800);国家自然科学基金项目(U1205021,81573530);福建农林大学校科技创新专项基金项目(CXZX2020037A)资助。

摘　　要：药用植物连作障碍问题威胁着集约化中药农业的源头产品供给与质量安全,因此,探索强化修复连作易病土壤的生态修复具有重要的生态经济意义。以块根入药的太子参在集约化种植过程中表现出严重的连作障碍。本研究在两茬太子参之间设置留种、休耕、淹水和稻参轮作4种处理方式,动态检测不同处理后太子参的光合和抗逆生理以及物质转运差异,并从土壤生态环境的角度评价不同处理对缓解太子参连作障碍的作用以及探索其机制。研究结果显示,相较于休耕处理,稻参轮作处理后的土壤pH降低趋势减缓,有机质含量显著增加,太子参根际有益微生物和根际土壤中氮循环基因的丰度均显著增加,而病原微生物却显著减少;太子参叶片光合速率显著提升,干物质运转过程改善;太子参产量、多糖和总皂苷含量分别显著提升19.5%、22.9%和5.8%。改进的灰色T型关联分析表明,土壤pH、有机质含量、特异微生物、氮循环基因丰度以及太子参叶片光合速率和抗氧化酶系统均与产量高度关联(关联度绝对值大于0.6),且太子参块根膨大中期及之前的生育状态和土壤环境的改善对产量形成起到更重要的作用。因此,苗期、膨大前期及中期是消减太子参连作障碍的关键时期。本研究结果还表明,稻参轮作处理下,前作水稻分泌物和残体降解物进入土壤生态系统,加速特异微生物区系重构,缓解土壤酸化以及改善营养封存,降低太子参逆境胁迫强度,从而在生长发育前期就改善了连作太子参的能量和营养代谢,并优化了物质转运,最终改善其产量和品质。该结果为药用植物连作障碍的生态修复,构建生态可持续栽培关键技术体系提供理论依据。Continuous monoculture problems of medicinal plants are threatening the supply and quality safety of the source products in intensive traditional Chinese medicine agricultural practice.Therefore,it is of great ecological and economic significance to intensively explore the ecological restoration of conducive-disease soil.Radix pseudostellariae is a tuberous Chinese medicine that suffers from serious continuous cropping impediments under intensive cultivation.In this study,to evaluate the effects of different treatments on alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of R.pseudostellariae and uncover the mechanism from the perspective of soil micro-ecological environment,four different soil intensification treatments including tuber reserved,fallow,flooding and rice rotation were set between two crops of R.pseudostellariae,and dynamically detected the changes of photosynthesis,stress-resistance physiology,and dry matter translocation.The results showed that,compared with fallow treatment,rice rotation treatment significantly slowed down the downtrend of soil pH,and the organic matter content in soil.The abundance of beneficial microorganisms and nitrogen cycling genes in the rhizosphere of R.pseudostellariae was increased while the pathogenic microorganisms decreased when rotated with rice in comparison with the fallow regime.This in turn led to significantly increased net photosynthetic rate and improved process of dry matter translocation of R.pseudostellariae under rice rotation treatment,indicating that the yield of R.pseudostellariae and the contents of polysaccharides and total saponins were significantly increased by 19.5%,22.9%,and 5.8%,respectively.The improved grey T’s correlation degree analysis showed that soil pH,soil organic matter content,the abundance of specific microorganisms,the abundance of nitrogen cycling genes,the photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme system in leaves of R.pseudostellariae were highly correlated with the yield of tuberous roots(Absolute correlation degree>0.6).In addi

关 键 词：生态集约化 连作障碍 太子参 轮作 灰色关联分析 

分 类 号：S567.53[农业科学—中草药栽培]