发酵精料对肉兔饲粮养分消化率、肠道发育及盲肠微生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Fermented Concentrate on Dietary Nutrient Digestibility,Intestinal Development and Cecal Microbial Diversity of Meat Rabbits

作　　者：刘静华 吴峰洋 周思源 江皓天 樊佳奇 陈宝江[1,2] LIU Jinghua;WU Fengyang;ZHOU Siyuan;JIANG Haotian;FAN Jiaqi;CHEN Baojiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Cattle and Sheep Embryo Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]河北省牛羊胚胎工程技术创新中心,保定071001

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第5期3237-3248,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家兔产业技术体系(CARS-43-B-2);河北省农业科技园区(基地)建设专项(20536603D)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究发酵精料对肉兔饲粮养分消化率、肠道形态、胃肠道pH及盲肠微生物多样性的影响。选择160只35日龄体重相近的健康伊拉肉兔,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复5只。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别用5%(T1组)、10%(T2组)和15%(T3组)发酵精料等量替代基础饲粮中精料部分(玉米、次粉、大豆粕)。预试期7 d,正试期28 d,其中消化试验7 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,T1、T2和T3组酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率均显著升高(P<0.05),T2和T3组粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和钙(Ca)消化率均显著升高(P<0.05),T3组磷(P)消化率显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,T1组回肠隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),T3组盲肠黏膜厚度显著降低(P<0.05),T1、T2和T3组胃pH有降低趋势(0.05≤P<0.10)。3)在门水平上,与CON组相比,T1组盲肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),T1和T3组盲肠拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),T3组盲肠蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。在属水平上,与CON组相比,T1和T2组盲肠瘤胃球菌科未分类菌属(Ruminococcaceae_unclassified)、毛螺菌科未分类菌属(Lachnospiraceae_unclassified)、醋酸菌属(Acetivibrio)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),T1和T3组盲肠另枝菌属(Alistipes)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加发酵精料在一定程度上可以降低断奶仔兔胃肠道pH,改善肠道形态,调节盲肠微生物平衡,从而提高饲粮养分消化率。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of fermented concentrate on dietary nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,gastrointestinal pH and cecal microbial diversity of meat rabbits.One hundred and sixty healthy 35-day-old Ira meat rabbits with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 5 rabbits in each replicate.The control group(CON)was fed a basal diet,and the test groups were fed 5%(T1 group),10%(T2 group)and 15%(T3 group)fermented concentrate replaced the basal diet concentrate part(corn,wheat middlings and soybean meal),respectively.The pre-test period was 7 days,and the test period was 28 days,with the digestion test was 7 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the CON group,the dietary acid detergent fiber(ADF)digestibility of T1,T2 and T3 groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),the digestibility of ether extract(EE),crude fiber(CF),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and calcium(Ca)of T2 and T3 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the phosphorus(P)digestibility of T3 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared with the CON group,the ileal crypt depth of T1 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the cecal mucosal thickness of T3 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the gastric pH of T1,T2 and T3 groups had a decreasing trend(0.05≤P<0.10).3)At the phylum level,compared with the CON group,the cecal Firmicutes relative abundance of T1 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the cecal Bacteroidetes relative abundance of T1 and T3 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the cecal Cyanobacteria of T3 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).At genus level cecal,compared with the CON group,the relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae_unclassified,Lachnospiraceae_unclassified and Acetivibrio in cecum of T1 and T2 group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the cecal Alistipes relative abundance of T1 and T3 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary fermented concentrate can re

关 键 词：发酵精料 肉兔 饲粮养分消化率 肠道形态 胃肠道pH 盲肠微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S829.1[农业科学—畜牧学]