山东冰雹时空分布特征与分类预报指标研究  

Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Hails in Shandong Province and Classified Forecast Indexes

作　　者：于怀征 龚佃利 朱秀红[1,4] 吴炫 崔广署 刘晨 王凤梅 YU Huaizheng;GONG Dianli;ZHU Xiuhong;WU Xuan;CUI Guangshu;LIU Chen;WANG Fengmei(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031;Rizhao Meteorological Bureau,Shandong,Rizhao 276800;Weather Modification Office of Shandong Province,Jinan 250031;Wulian Meteorological Bureau,Shandong,Wulian 262300;Juxian Meteorological Bureau,Shandong,Juxian 276500)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,济南250031 [2]山东省日照市气象局,日照276800 [3]山东省人民政府人工影响天气办公室,济南250031 [4]山东省五莲县气象局,五莲262300 [5]山东省莒县气象局,营县276500

出　　处：《气象科技》2023年第2期254-261,共8页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1506104);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MD053);山东省气象局重点课题(SDCXTD2021-4);日照市气象局创新团队重点课题(2022rzqxz01)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用冰雹实况资料、高空探测资料、地面观测资料和EC细网格数值预报资料,统计分析了2012-2021年79次对山东造成较大灾害的冰雹过程的时空分布特征,总结了不同区域、不同大小以及关键月份降雹的关键环境参量特征及阈值。结果表明:(1)山东降雹具有明显的时空分布特征,降雹主要出现在鲁中地区和鲁北地区;降雹日数年际变化较大,最多年份可达14 d,最少仅为5 d;降雹主要出现在春末夏初,占全年降雹日数的65%;14:00-20:00是冰雹高发时段,占全天降雹的63.3%。(2)鲁中地区年平均出现大冰雹的次数最多,但半岛地区出现大冰雹的概率更大;大冰雹主要出现在5—6月,占全年大冰雹日数的68.6%。(3)山东降雹具有较大的对流有效位能、中等及以上强度的深层(0~6 km)垂直风切变、显著的条件不稳定层结和适宜的特征层高度/厚度。(4)不同区域、不同大小以及关键月份的物理参量的特征和潜势预报阈值都有一定的差别,主要体现在内陆地区、6月降雹、大冰雹较沿海地区、5月降雹、小冰雹的对流有效位能明显偏大、干暖盖指数偏小、深层垂直切变有所增大、抬升凝结高度略偏高、-20~0℃层的厚度偏薄。The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of 79 hail processes causing major disasters in 2012-2021 are statistically analyzed by using hail data,radiosonde observation data,ground observation data and EC thin grid data,the characteristics and thresholds of key environmental parameters of hails in different regions,sizes and months are summarized.The results show that(1)Hails in Shandong have obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics,and mainly appear in central and north Shandong.The number of hail days varies greatly from year to year,with a maximum of 14 days and a minimum of 5 days.Hails mainly occur in late spring and early summer,accounting for 65% of hail days in the year and 65%of hail days in the year.Hails frequently occur from 14:00 to 20:00,accounting for 63.3% of the total hail.(2)The average annual occurrence frequency of large hails is the most in central Shandong Province,but the probability of large hails is greater in the peninsula region.Large hails mainly appear in May and June,accounting for 68.6% of the annual number of large hail days.(3)Hails in Shandong have large convective effective potential energy,deep(O to 6 km)vertical wind shear with medium or above intensity,significant conditional unstable stratification and suitable characteristic layer height/thickness.(4)Different regions,different sizes and key months have certain differences in the characteristics of physical parameters and potential prediction thresholds.Compared with hail falling in coastal areas and in inland areas,hail falling in June and May,large and small hails,it is mainly reflected in the obvious larger convective effective potential energy,smaller dry and warm cap index,greater deep vertical shear,slightly higher lifting condensation height,and thinner thickness of-20℃ to 0℃ layer.

关 键 词：时空分布 冰雹 环境参量 预报阈值 

分 类 号：P457.9[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]