贵州方言反身代词“各人”的共时和历时考察  

A Synchronic and Diachronic Study of the Reflexive Pronoun"Ge Ren"in Guizhou Dialect

作　　者：张超 ZHANG Chao(School of Literature and Communication,Guizhou Education University,Guiyang,Guizhou,550018)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范学院文学与传媒学院,贵州贵阳550018

出　　处：《贵州师范学院学报》2023年第5期1-10,共10页Journal of Guizhou Education University

基　　金：教育部2020年规划基金项目“基于百年前西南文人白话作品和传教士文献的清末民初西南官话语法研究”(20YJA740055)。

摘　　要：当代贵州汉语方言中,反身代词“各人”存在“[kuan^(21)]”和“[kon^(21)]”两组合音变体,“[kuan^(21)]”组分布于东部,“[kon^(21)]”组分布于西部,在贵州境内地理空间分布上呈东西分立的特点。其中分布于贵州东部的“[kuan^(21)]”具有额外范围副词、已然时间副词、意料之外料评语气副词等更虚的功能。“各人”的共时现象间存在着历时演变关系:近代汉语的指别短语“各·人”经历了漫长的词汇化过程,在当代贵州方言中形成纯粹的反身代词“各人”,“各人”又受语流音变影响而产生合音变体,其中一个合音变体“[kuan^(21)]”又朝着三个方向发生语法化,获得三种副词功能。贵州方言反身代词“各人”和其合音变体以及变体的副词功能,正是其历时演变现象在共时平面的投影。In the contemporary Guizhou Chinese dialect,the reflexive pronoun"Geren(各人)"has two consonant variants such as[kuan^(21)]and[kon^(21)].The[kuan^(21)]group is distributed in the east,and the[kon^(21)]group in the west,whose geographical distribution in Guizhou is characterized by the separation of east and west.Among them,[kuan^(21)],which is distributed in the eastern part of Guizhou,has more virtual functions such as additional adverbs of scope,adverbs of past time,and adverbs of unexpected material comments.There is a diachronic relationship between the synchronic phenomenon of"各·人":the reference phrase"each person"in modern Chinese has undergone a long process of lexicalization,forming a pure reflexive pronoun"Geren(各人)"in the contemporary Guizhou dialect."Geren(各人)"is also affected by the change of phonetic flow,resulting in a syntonic variant.One of the syntonic variants[kuan^(21)]is grammaticalized in three directions,obtaining three adverbial functions.The reflexive pronoun"Geren(各人)"in Guizhou dialect,its homophony variant and the adverbial function of the variant are the projection of its diachronic evolution on the synchronic plane.

关 键 词：贵州汉语方言 反身代词“各人” 合音变体 词汇化 语法化 

分 类 号：H172.3[语言文字—汉语]