湖南省沅水流域古树名木资源特征分析  

Characteristic analysis of ancient and famous tree resources in the Yuanshui River Basin of Hunan

作　　者：陈傲雪 曲晨晖 牟村 刘帅[1] 廖小雯 贺勇 吴磊[1] CHEN Aoxue;QU Chenhui;MU Cun;LIU Shuai;LIAO Xiaowen;HE Yong;WU Lei(Research Center for Conservation Engineering of Ancient and Famous Trees,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan Botanical Garden,Changsha 410116,Hunan,China;Hunan Provincial Afforestation Commission Office,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学古树名木保护工程研究中心,湖南长沙410004 [2]湖南省植物园,湖南长沙410116 [3]湖南省绿化委员会办公室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2023年第4期70-80,共11页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ31152);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(18B178)。

摘　　要：【目的】湖南省沅水流域古树名木众多,研究其资源特征可为古树名木保护和管理工作提供科学依据。【方法】采用传统分析与GIS信息技术相结合的方法研究沅水流域古树名木资源组成和空间分布格局,并分析古树名木分布与地形、水文、传统村落3种因素的相关性。【结果】沅水流域共有古树名木92544株,隶属于67科173属428种,树种以乡土树种为主,枫香树的数量最多。其中一级古树占比3.12%,二级古树占比11.14%,三级古树占比85.54%。从生长势来看,93.28%的古树名木生长状况良好。从生长位置来看,52.84%的古树名木生长在乡村街道,45.79%的古树名木生长在远郊野外,城区、风景名胜古迹区及历史文化街区中古树名木数量较少,占比为1.37%。一、二级古树中衰弱和濒危株的比例相对三级古树较高。风景名胜古迹区中的古树名木生长状况最好,衰弱及濒危株占比最少,为2.70%。历史文化街区中衰弱及濒危株占比最多,为17.95%。乡村街道衰弱及濒危株占比仅次于历史文化街区,为7.85%。从空间分布格局上看,古树名木呈明显集聚型分布,分布主趋势方向为“西北-东南”向,在保靖县西北部、保靖县与吉首市交界地带、辰溪县东南部、新晃县与芷江县交界地带以及通道县西部形成了5个高密度分布区。从古树名木空间分布与不同因素的关系来看,海拔为300~599 m、坡度为5°~14°时古树名木分布数量和种类最多,南、东南坡向及中部坡位分布数量最多,西北、东南坡向及下部坡位分布的种类最多。古树名木数量分布与到河流的最近距离关系呈现极性负相关,且和传统村落的分布密集区有明显的重叠关系。【结论】沅水流域古树名木资源丰富,其分布与地形、水文及传统村落等因素有关,在未来的工作中应对古树名木进行更科学的保护和利用。【Objective】There are abundant resources of ancient and famous trees in the Yuanshui River Basin of Hunan.Studying their resource characteristics can provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of ancient and famous trees.【Methods】Normal analysis and geographic information technology were used to study the resource composition and spatial distribution pattern of ancient and famous trees in the Yuanshui River Basin,and the correlation between the distribution of ancient and famous trees and the three factors of topography,hydrology and traditional villages was analyzed.【Result】There were 92544 ancient and famous trees in the Yuanshui River Basin,belonging to 67 families,173 genera and 428 species,and the native plants were the main species,among which Liquidambar formosana accounted for the largest amount.In terms of age structure,the first-class ancient trees accounted for 3.12%,the second-class accounted for 11.14%,and the third-class accounted for 85.54%of the total amount.In terms of growth potential,93.28%of the ancient and famous trees showed good growth.In terms of habitats,52.84%of the ancient and famous trees grew in rural streets,while 45.79%of them grew in the outer suburbs.The proportion of ancient and famous trees distributed in the urban areas,scenic spots,and historical and cultural districts was only 1.37%.The proportion of weakened and endangered trees in the first-class and secondclass was higher than those in the third-class.The ancient and famous trees in the scenic spots were in the best condition,with the lowest percentage of weakened and endangered trees(2.70%).The proportion of weakened and endangered trees in the historical and cultural districts was 17.95%,which was the highest,followed by the proportion in rural streets,which was 7.85%.From the perspective of spatial distribution pattern,there was an obvious clustering distribution feature of the ancient and famous trees,and the main trend of the distribution was in the direction of“northwest-southeast”.Fi

关 键 词：古树名木 保护等级 沅水流域 空间分布 GIS 

分 类 号：S788[农业科学—林学]