北京常见灌木燃烧特性及抗火性评价  

Flammability characteristics and fire resistance of common landscape shrub species in Beijing

作　　者：宋林姝 王峥 刘燕 高健洲 李秉玲 SONG Lin-shu;WANG Zheng;LIU Yan;GAO Jianzhou;LI Bingling(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院,城乡生态环境北京实验室,国家花卉工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第5期1056-1064,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：北京市教委科学研究与研究生培养共建科研项目(2019GJ-03);北京市共建项目专项(2019XKJS0322)资助。

摘　　要：研究园林群落中下层灌木的抗火性可以科学指导城市园林植物的配置,并有助于绿地防火功能的提升、建设与管理。本研究通过测定10种北京常用园林灌木在冬春防火季的燃烧性能与水分含量,对四维燃烧性进行了研究;采用主成分分析与基于熵权法的综合评价相结合的方法,结合其冠层结构的调查分析,对这10种灌木单体植株冠层在假定的热辐射条件下的抗火性进行了综合评价。结果表明:10种灌木冠层抗火性与小枝抗火性排序极显著相关,两者秩相关系数为0.867,都体现了四维燃烧性中的剧烈性;四维燃烧性中点燃性-抗火性与消耗性-抗火性排序极显著相关,两者秩相关系数为-0.794;综合评价10种灌木植株冠层的抗火能力从高到低排序为:平枝栒子(Cotoneaster horizontalis)>紫丁香(Syringa oblata)>金银忍冬(Lonicera maackii)>锦带花(Weigela florida)>棣棠(Kerria japonica)>木槿(Hibiscus syriacus)>连翘(Forsythia suspensa)>紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)>猬实(Kolkwitzia amabilis)>迎春花(Jasminum nudiflorum)。综上,在绿地的防火建设与管理过程中,以上10种灌木优选平枝栒子和紫丁香,紫薇抗火性相对较差且容易被点燃,则需要投入更多关注。Studies on the fire resistance of small and medium-sized shrubs in landscape plant community can guide the evidence-based landscape design and fire prevention when managing and constructing urban green spaces.In this study,four components of plant flammability of 10 landscape shrub species in Beijing were measured under varying moisture conditions in both winter and spring.We used principal component analysis combined with a comprehensive evaluation based on the entropy weight method to measure fire resistance under assumed heat radiation conditions.The canopy structure of individual species was taken into account.There was a significant correlation between the canopy fire resistance rank and twig fire resistance rank across the 10 shrub species,with a correlation coefficient of 0.867,predominantly related to combustibility.Among the four components of plant flammability,there was a significant correlation between the ranks of ignitability-fire resistance and consumability-fire resistance,with a correlation coefficient of-0.794.The relative fire resistances of the 10 shrub species in a descending order were:Cotoneaster horizontalis Syringa oblata Lonicera maackii Weigela florida Kerria japonica Hibiscus syriacus Forsythia suspense Lagerstroemia indica Kolkwitzia amabilis Jasminum nudiflorum.Our results demonstrated that Cotoneaster horizontalis and Syringa oblata were the most suitable species among the 10 examined species for fire prevention when planning the construction and management of urban green spaces.City planners should be aware of the relatively poor fire resistance and low ignition threshold of Lagerstroemia indica.

关 键 词：园林灌木 燃烧性 抗火性 锥形量热仪 城市绿地 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]