日粮精粗比对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及细菌菌群结构的影响  

Effect of concentrate to roughage ratio diets on growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial flora structure of lactating calves

作　　者：马丽娜 高海慧 康晓冬 梁小军 MA Li-na;GAO Hai-hui;KANG Xiao-dong;LIANG Xiao-jun

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《饲料研究》2023年第8期6-10,共5页Feed Research

基　　金：犊牛培育技术研究(项目编号:NGSB-2021-12-04);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(项目编号:CARS-37)。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对哺乳期犊牛生长发育、瘤胃发酵参数及细菌菌群结构的影响。选择30头出生1周左右、体重(33.00±1.5) kg的健康安格斯犊牛(公、母各半),随机分为3组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头牛。试验1组、试验2组、试验3组日粮精粗比分别为60∶40、50∶50、40∶60。犊牛7 d开始补饲颗粒料,预试期10 d,正式试验期90 d。结果表明,试验1组犊牛90日龄体重、采食量、平均日采食量、平均日增重均极显著高于试验3组(P<0.01),料重比显著高于试验2组、试验3组(P<0.05);试验1组微生物蛋白、氨态氮、异丁酸含量极显著高于试验2组、试验3组(P<0.01),乙酸和丁酸含量显著高于试验3组(P<0.05)。试验1组的犊牛OTU极显著高于试验2和试验3组(P<0.01)。试验1组瘤胃拟杆菌门、后壁菌门、黏胶球形菌门、螺旋菌门、纤维杆菌门的含量均极显著低于试验3组(P<0.01)。试验1组犊牛瘤胃密螺旋体属、螺旋菌属、丁酸弧菌_2属的丰度极显著高于试验2组、试验3组(P<0.01)。研究表明,高精粗比饲粮可提高犊牛采食量、平均日增重和料重比,对犊牛早期增重有益,且瘤胃发酵指标优于其他试验组,在门水平上瘤胃细菌变化最为明显,促进了瘤胃发酵,建议哺乳期犊牛饲喂日粮精粗比为60∶40。The experiment was to study the effect of concentrate to roughage ratio on growth and development,rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial flora structure of lactating calves.Thirty healthy Angus calves(half in male and female)weighing(33.00±1.50)kg at about one week old were selected,randomly divided into three groups,with 10 replicates in each group and one cow in each replicate.The concentrate to roughage ratio in group 1,group 2 and group 3 were 60:40,50:50,40:60,respectively.Calves were fed pellet test feed from 7 d.The pre-experiment lasted for 10 d,and the formal experiment period was 90 d.The results showed that the body weight,feed intake,average daily feed intake,average daily gain of 90 days old in group 1 were extremely higher than those in group 3(P<0.01),and feed to gain ratio was significantly higher than those in group 2 and group 3(P<0.05).The content of microbial protein,ammonia nitrogen and isobutyric acid in group 1 were extremely higher than those in group 2 and group 3(P<0.01),the content of acetic acid and butyric acid were significantly higher than those in group 3(P<0.05).The OTU of calves in test group 1 were extremely higher than those in groups 2 and group 3(P<0.0l).The content of Bacteroidetes,Retromicutes,Myxococcus,Spirillobacteria and Fibrobacteroidetes in rumen of group 1 were extremely lower than those of group 3(P<0.01).The abundance of Treponemum,Spirillium and Vibrio butyricum_2 in group 1 was extremely higher than that in group 2 and group 3(P<0.01).The study indicates that the diet with high concentrate roughage ratio can increase the intake,average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of calves,which is beneficial to early weight growth of calves,and the rumen fermentation index is better than other groups.The rumen bacteria change is most obvious at the gate level,which changes the rumen bacterial flora at the genus level,promotes the rumen fermentation.It issuggestedthat concentrate to roughage ratio should be 60:40 for lactating calves.

关 键 词：精粗比 犊牛 生长性能 瘤胃发酵参数 菌群结构 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]