煤矸石对矿区土壤特性与植物生长的影响  

Effects of coal gangue on soil property and plant growth in mining area

作　　者：南益聪 杨永刚 王泽青 周杨 苏巧梅[4] NAN Yicong;YANG Yong-gang;WANG Zeqing;ZHOU Yang;SU Qiaomei(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Yellow River Laboratory of Shanxi Province,Taiyuan 030006,China;Col-lege of Geoscience and Survey Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;College of Mining Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006 [2]山西省黄河实验室,太原030006 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [4]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第5期1253-1262,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山西省“1331工程”重点创新团队计划项目(PY201806);山西省应用基础研究计划项目(201801D121028);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0457,2019L0463)资助。

摘　　要：本文通过室内和室外试验,将不同含量(10%、20%、30%、40%和50%)、不同粒径(0~2、2~5、5~8和8~10 mm)的煤矸石与土壤进行复配,形成具有不同容重(1.3、1.35、1.4、1.45和1.5 g·cm^(-3))的新构土壤,探究土壤重构方式对新构土壤水分、团聚体结构稳定性以及黑麦草、紫苜蓿和白车轴草生长特征的影响。结果表明:土壤饱和含水量(SW)、毛管含水量(CW)和田间持水量(FC)随煤矸石含量、粒径和土壤容重增加而减小。>0.25 mm粒径土壤团聚体(R0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)随煤矸石粒径增加大体呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,在煤矸石粒径为2~5 mm达到峰值;R0.25、MWD和GMD与煤矸石含量呈显著负相关。基于增强回归树(BRT)模型,煤矸石含量对SW、CW和FC的影响较大,对其变异贡献率分别为59.3%、67.0%和40.3%;煤矸石粒径对R0.25、MWD和GMD的影响最大,对其变异贡献率分别为44.7%、32.3%和62.1%;煤矸石含量对黑麦草、紫苜蓿和白车轴草生长的影响较大,分别可解释其49.9%、17.4%和10.3%的变异。煤矸石含量为30%和粒径为5~8 mm的土壤重构方式下供试植物生长较好。表明煤矸石能够改变新构土壤水分和团聚体结构稳定性,矿区生态修复可优选煤矸石含量为30%和粒径为5~8 mm的土壤重构方式。With indoor and outdoor treatments,coal gangue with different ratios(10%,20%,30%,40%and 50%)and different particle sizes(0-2,2-5,5-8 and 8-10 mm)were mixed into soil,and formed reconstructed soil with different soil bulk densities(1.3,1.35,1.4,1.45 and 1.5 g·cm^(-3)).The effects of soil reconstruction modes on soil water condition,structure stability of aggregate and the growth of Lolium perenne,Medicago sativa,and Trifolium repens were investigated.Soil saturated water(SW),capillary water(CW),and field water capacity(FC)were decreased with increasing coal gangue ratio,particle size,and bulk density of reconstructed soil.>0.25 mm particle size aggregate(R0.25),mean weight diameter(MWD),and geometric mean diameter(GMD)increased first and then decreased with the increases of coal gangue particle size,reaching the peak at 2-5 mm coal gangue particle size.R0.25,MWD and GMD were significantly and negatively correlated with coal gangue ratio.Based on boosted regression tree(BRT)model,the coal gangue ratio contributed 59.3%,67.0%and 40.3%to the variation of SW,CW and FC,respectively,which was a main influencing factor of soil water content.The coal gangue particle size contributed 44.7%,32.3%and 62.1%to the variation of R0.25,MWD,and GMD,respecti⁃vely,which was the greatest influencing factor.Coal gangue ratio had a great effect on the growth of L.perenne,M.sativa,and T.repens,which contributed to 49.9%,17.4%and 10.3%of their variations,respectively.Soil recon⁃struction mode of 30%coal gangue ratio and 5-8 mm coal gangue particle size was the best condition for plant growth,indicating that coal gangue could change soil water content and structure stability of aggregate.The soil reconstruction mode of 30%coal gangue ratio and 5-8 mm coal gangue particle size was recommended.

关 键 词：生态修复 煤矸石 土壤水分 结构稳定性 增强回归树模型 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]