尚塔尔·墨菲的“民粹主义”辩议  

On Chantal Mouffe's Discourses of Left Populism

作　　者：董山民[1] Dong Shanmin

机构地区：[1]中南大学公共管理学院哲学系

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2022年第3期66-81,共16页Contemporary Marxism Review

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金一般项目“古典实用主义现世信仰的义理及其践行研究”(批准号:18BZX111)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代,新自由主义取代凯恩斯主义成为新的意识形态霸权。然而,资本无节制的扩张推动科技创新、财富剧增的同时,社会进入阶层分化、甚至极化的状况。新自由主义不断地产生出它无法消化的“剩余”,在此情况下,世界历史进入到“民粹时刻”。新自由主义难以为继,而新的思想霸权又尚未成型。与右翼民粹主义诉诸民族主义、宗教和权威主义不同,墨菲打出左翼民粹主义的旗帜,坚信“平等”和“人民主权”等价值观,可以成为新自由主义潜在的替代项。在墨菲看来,任何民粹主义不过是“做政治”的方式,没有实质性内容。按照其反本质主义和抗争政治的逻辑,墨菲试图捍卫的左翼民粹主义存在理论和实践上的难题,仍然面容模糊。In the 1980s,Neoliberalism replaced Keynesianism as the new ideological hegemony.However,while the uncontrolled expansion of capital promotes technological innovation and a sharp increase in wealth,society has entered a state of class differentiation and even polarization.Neoliberalism continues to produce"surplus"that it cannot digest.Under this circumstance,world history has been entering a"popularist moment",namely,Neoliberalism is difficult to sustain,and the new ideological hegemony has not yet taken shape.Unlike right-wing populism,which appeals to nationalism,religion,and authoritarianism,Mouffe brings about the banner of left-wing populism and firmly believes that values such as"equality"and"people's sovereignty"could become a potential substitute for neoliberalism.In Mouffe's view,whatever populism is just a way of"doing politics"wwithout substantive content.According to the logic of anti-essentialism and agonistic politics,the left-wing populism what Mouffe is trying to defend still exists some theoretical and practical problems,and its face remains vague.

关 键 词：民粹时刻 右翼民粹主义 民粹主义 平等 人民主权 

分 类 号：D08[政治法律—政治学] D091