当代民粹主义的挑战与应对:一个综述  

Challenges and Responses to Contemporary Populism:a review

作　　者：马庆[1] Ma Qing

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2022年第3期96-117,共22页Contemporary Marxism Review

基　　金：上海市哲社一般项目“当代英美功利主义研究”[2018BZX004]阶段性成果。

摘　　要：民粹主义是当今政治面临的巨大挑战。许多学者都在思考要如何理解和应对这种挑战。2019年,美国《哲学与社会批评》杂志出版了一期民粹主义专辑,15篇不同理论背景和政治倾向的论文对民粹主义现象、自由民主制问题以及未来政治前景做出了多方位的梳理和判断,有助于我们认识民粹主义之理论和实践的重要性和复杂性。他们指出,民粹主义是对人民主权的极端化,与不同的意识形态结合,产生了各种形式的民粹主义,既有威权民粹主义和右翼民粹主义,也有左翼民粹主义和社会主义倾向的民粹主义。民粹主义产生的背景也很复杂,在根本意义上与欧美政治和经济结构和秩序的失调和失败有关。应对民粹主义挑战需要克服简单化态度,既要看到其理论和实践的非理性冲动中包含的反多元主义和反民主的面向,也要重视其表达的不满和诉求背后的激进民主面向。Populism is a great challenge in politics.Many scholars are thinking about how to understand and respond to it.In 2019,Philosophy and Social Criticism published an album,15 papers aboutthe different theoretical backgrounds and political inclinations of populism,the problem of liberal democracy and the future political outlook.They help us to know the importance and complexity of populism.Populism is the polarisation of popular sovereignty,which,combined with different ideologies,has produced various forms of populism,from authoritarian and right-wing to left-wing and socialistic tendencies.Populism has complex backgrounds,which is fundamentally related to the disorder and failure of the political and economic structure and order in Europe and the United States.To deal with the challenge of populism,we need to overcome the simplistic attitude.We should not only concern the antipluralism and anti-democratic aspects and the irrational impulses of populism,but also pay attention to the radical democratic aspects behind its discontent and demands.

关 键 词：民粹主义 民主 人民 精英 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]