湖北省黄石市1951—2021年疟疾流行与防控效果研究  

Prevalence and prevention and control effects of malaria in Huangshi,Hubei,1951-2021

作　　者：钱足庶[1] 赵克提[1] 张成 李爱美 姚海燕[1] QIAN Zu-shu*;ZHAO Ke-ti;ZHANG Cheng;LI Ai-mei;YAO Hai-yan(Huangshi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Huangshi,Hubei 435000,China)

机构地区：[1]黄石市疾病预防控制中心,湖北黄石435000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2023年第4期383-387,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：湖北省卫生健康委员会联合基金项目(No.WJ2019H497)。

摘　　要：目的分析黄石市1951—2021年疟疾流行特征、防控策略、措施及取得的效果,为进一步巩固消除疟疾成果提供参考。方法收集1951—2021年黄石市疟疾防治资料,采用描述性方法分析不同时期疟疾流行情况、采取的措施和效果,绘制“半对数”线图、表格展示历年发病情况和防控工作开展情况。结果1951—2021年黄石市共报告疟疾527780例,年均报告发病率为40.07/万。疟疾防治经历了四个阶段,分别为疟疾高流行阶段(1951—1979年)、实现基本消灭疟疾阶段(1980—1999年)、巩固防治成果阶段(2000—2010年)、消除疟疾阶段(2011—2021年),不同流行时期采取不同的防控策略和措施,在疟疾高流行阶段,大力开展普查普治,强化对现症病人管理;实现基本消灭疟疾阶段,采取突出重点、分类防治策略;当发病率降到1/万以下,采取疟疾监测为主措施,包括传染源及时发现和规范治疗、疫点处置、流动人口疟疾管理、蚊媒监测等,通过积极防治,取得了显著效果,1989年疟疾发病率降至1/万以下,1999年达到了部颁“基本消灭疟疾”水平,2015年通过省级消除疟疾验收。近年来随着劳务输出及对外交流增多,输入性疟疾呈上升趋势,输入性疟疾主要来源于非洲,主要病种为恶性疟。结论疟疾曾是危害黄石市人民身体健康的主要传染病之一,不同流行时期采取的防控策略和措施是有效的,目前已进入巩固疟疾消除成果阶段,巩固工作的重点是做好输入性疟疾病例的监测、报告、疫点的及时规范处置,降低本地传播风险。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics,prevention and control strategies,measures and the effects achieved of malaria in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021,and to offer a reference for further strengthening malaria eradication and control successes.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to assess the prevalence,measurements,and impacts of malaria in different time periods based on data for malaria control in Huangshi City from 1951 to 2021,and we created"semi-log"line graphs and charts to display the prevalence of disease and the effort done in prior years in terms of prevention and control.Results Between 1951 and 2021,527780 cases of malaria were recorded in Huangshi,with an average annual incidence rate of 40.07/10000.The prevention and control of malaria has gone through four stages,namely,the high prevalence of malaria stage(1951-1979),the basic elimination stage(1980-1999),the consolidation stage(2000-2010),and the eradication stage(2011-2021).Different strategies and measures have been adopted in different epidemic periods.During the high epidemic period,great efforts have been made to carry out general surveys and treatments,and strengthen the management of symptomatic patients;during the eradication stage,prominent and classified prevention and control strategies were adopted.When the incidence rate dropped to below 1/10000,the main measures adopted were malaria monitoring,including timely discovery and standardization of infectious sources,disposal of epidemic points,management of migrant population malaria and vector monitoring.Through active prevention and control,remarkable results were achieved,and the incidence rate of malaria fell to below 1/10000 in 1989,reaching the level of"basic elimination of malaria"issued by the Ministry in 1999,and passed the provincial malaria elimination acceptance in 2015.In recent years,with the increasing labor exports and foreign exchanges,imported malaria has been on the rise.African countries are the main sources of imported malaria,an

关 键 词：疟疾 发病率 流行 防控措施 效果 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]