技术变迁、平均利润率与劳动生产率——基于中国2006-2020年290个城市面板数据的实证研究  

Technical Change,Average Profit Rate and Labor Productivity——An Empirical Study Based on Panel Data of 290 Cities in China from 2006 to 2020

作　　者：卢江[1] 郭子昂 LU Jiang;GUO Zi-ang(College of Marxism,Zhejiang University,310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学马克思主义学院,310058

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2023年第4期72-83,共12页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国共产党百年奋斗中坚持中国道路经验研究”(批准号:22ZDA013)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：劳动生产率是衡量经济发展效率的重要指标。基于马克思主义政治经济学基本原理推导出的劳动生产率公式在数理理论逻辑上囊括了技术变迁、平均利润率与劳动生产率三个指标之间的多种变化关系,技术变迁如果推动了劳动生产率的提高,那它是进步的,反之则是退步的;技术变迁如果导致平均利润率上升,那它是可行的,反之则是不可行的。马克思平均利润率下降规律认为进步的技术变迁在总体上是不可行的,置盐定理、罗默定理则认为所有的技术变迁都是可行的。为了检验理论的适用性,利用中国290个地级市15年的面板数据对劳动生产率公式蕴含的各种结论进行实证检验,发现技术变迁与平均利润率均对劳动生产率有正向影响,且技术变迁对平均利润率存在负向影响,这为马克思平均利润率下降规律提供了现实支撑。对中国式现代化进程来说,需要充分发挥技术进步在促进数字经济转型、改善收入分配效应、提升社会治理能力和建设全国统一大市场方面的积极作用。Labor productivity is an important index to measure the efficiency of economic development.Based on the basic principles of Marxist political economy,the formula of labor productivity includes a variety of change relations among the three indicators of technological change,average profit rate and labor productivity in mathematical theory and logic.If technological change promotes the improvement of labor productivity,it is progressive;otherwise,it is regressive.Technological change works if it causes average profit rates to rise,but not vice versa.Marx's law of declining average profit margin believes that the progressive technological change is generally unfeasible.Okishio Theorem and Romer's Theorem believe that all technological changes are feasible.Using the panel data of 290 prefecture-level cities in China for 15 years,the empirical test of various conclusions contained in the labor productivity formula shows that both technological change and average profit rate have a positive impact on labor productivity,while technological change has a negative impact on average profit rate,which provides practical support for Marx's law of declining average profit margin.For the Chinese-style modernization process,we need give full play to the accumulation technological progress in promoting the transformation of digital economy,improving the effect of income distribution,improving social governance capacity and building a national unified market.

关 键 词：劳动生产率 技术变迁 平均利润率 置盐定理 罗默定理 

分 类 号：F012[经济管理—政治经济学]