外源硅及脱落酸对干旱胁迫下烤烟生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of exogenous silicon and abscisic acid on growth and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco under drought stress

作　　者：蔺璟煜 姜永雷 陈颐 邓小鹏[2] 苏家恩[3] 程小毛[1] 黄晓霞[1] LIN Jing-yu;JIANG Yong-lei;CHEN Yi;DENG Xiao-peng;SU Jia-en;CHENG Xiao-mao;HUANG Xiao-xia(College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agriculture Science,Kunming 650021,China;Dali Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学园林园艺学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,昆明650021 [3]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2023年第4期715-721,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-地区科学基金项目(32060630);中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划重点项目(2019530000241011);云南省科技厅基础研究专项(2020001AU070006);云南省高层次人才“青年拔尖人才”项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-222)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究外源硅及脱落酸复合处理对烤烟干旱胁迫的交互作用。【方法】以红花大金元和云烟87为材料,采用盆栽控制试验,研究单独和复合施用外源硅、脱落酸对干旱胁迫(田间持水量40%~45%)下2种烤烟生长和生理特性的影响。【结果】比较2种烤烟的抗旱性,红花大金元的生长状况、根系活力和光合色素含量受干旱胁迫影响较小,抗氧化能力更好;外源硅、脱落酸及二者复合处理均能不同程度的提高干旱胁迫下2种烤烟的生长、根系活力、光合色素含量、抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力;外源硅及脱落酸复合施用使干旱胁迫下红花大金元和云烟87的株高、比叶面积、总生物量分别增加122.65%、43.22%、40.88%和147.57%、106.86%、42.86%,复合处理下红花大金元和云烟87的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别是干旱处理的2.8和1.4倍,且复合处理使干旱胁迫下红花大金元的根系活力提高47.48%,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量分别增加102.60%、76.90%、96.60%和65.50%,丙二醛(MDA)含量降低72.80%。此外,单施外源硅显著提高干旱胁迫下云烟87的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,降低MDA含量和过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。【结论】外源硅及脱落酸复合施用能有效缓解烤烟干旱胁迫,在烤烟生长、光合色素合成、抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力方面具有协同增效作用,不同外源物质会受烤烟基因型影响产生不同结果,红花大金元应对干旱胁迫表现出更强的适应能力,且对外源硅及脱落酸复合施用的响应更强。【Objective】The study aimed to explore the interaction of exogenous silicon and abscisic acid on drought stress of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】Two flue-cured tobacco varieties Honghua dajinyuan and Yunyan 87 were used as materials.Potted control test was used.The effects of single and combined application of exogenous silicon and abscisic acid on the growth and physiological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco under drought stress(40%-45%field water capacity)were studied.【Result】Growth status,root activity and photosynthetic pigment content of Honghua dajinyuan were less affected by drought stress,and the antioxidant capacity was better.Exogenous silicon,abscisic acid and their combined treatment could improve the growth,root activity,photosynthetic pigment content,antioxidant capacity and osmotic regulation ability of the two flue-cured tobacco varieties under drought stress.Combined application of exogenous silicon and abscisic acid treatment could increase the plant height,specific leaf area and total biomass of Honghua dajinyuan and Yunyan 87 by 122.65%,43.22%,40.88%and 147.57%,106.86%,42.86%,respectively,under drought stress.SOD activity of Honghua dajinyuan and Yunyan 87 under combined treatment was 2.8 and 1.4 times higher than that under drought treatment,respectively.Root activity of Honghua dajinyuan under combined treatment increased by 47.48%,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased by 102.60%,76.90%,96.6%and 65.5%,respectively,and the MDA content decreased by 72.8%.In addition,the application of exogenous silicon significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid,whereas decreased the content of MDA and the activities of POD and CAT.【Conclusion】Combined application of exogenous silicon and abscisic acid treatment could effectively alleviate drought stress of flue-cured tobacco,and has synergistic effect on growth,photosynthetic pigment synthesis,antioxidant capacity and osmotic regulation capacity of flue-cured tobacco.Differe

关 键 词：外源硅 脱落酸 干旱胁迫 烤烟 生理特性 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]