资本与非社会的自由  

Capital and Asocial Freedom

作　　者：张寅 ZHANG Yin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院

出　　处：《当代国外马克思主义评论》2023年第1期219-237,共19页Contemporary Marxism Review

摘　　要：常见的资本批判要求在资本主义经济的巨大成就面前维护社会,但这类善意的思路未能注意到,马克思所理解的资本主义经济展示了一种在传统的政治哲学中难以设想的非社会自由:当工人不得不听从社会的要求时,资本家却能够或多或少地轻视社会的需求和约束,把社会原本并不想要、并不喜爱的东西强行给予社会。通过这种经常拒绝迎合社会、经常显得离经叛道的活动,资本家才能在商业和文化中获得成功。社会主义必须以普遍主义的方式改造和容纳这种非社会自由,而不是抗拒它。这种改造和容纳也将带来一种对他者性的肯定。Common critiques of capital call for the protection of society in the face of the great achievements of the capitalist economy.Such wellintentioned approaches,however,fail to note that the capitalist economy as Marx understood it demonstrates a kind of asocial freedom that is difficult to conceive of in traditional political philosophy:while workers are forced to heed society's demands,capitalists are able to treat society's needs and constraints with more or less contempt,providing society with what it does not originally want or like.It is through this activity,which often refuses to cater to society and often appears anomalous,that capitalists may succeed in business and culture.Socialism must transform and embrace this asocial freedom in a universalist way,rather than resist it.This transformation and embrace will also bring about an affirmation of otherness.

关 键 词：资本 非社会自由 社会性 他者性 

分 类 号：F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学] F014.39