空间光学系统先进制造技术进展——从非球面到自由曲面  

Progress on Space Optics Manufacturing:From Aspheres to Freeforms

作　　者：张学军[1,2] Zhang Xuejun(Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,Jilin,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《光学学报》2023年第8期156-171,共16页Acta Optica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62127901,61975201,11803037,61805243,11903035,11903036,62005278,12003035,12003034,62075218,12103054)。

摘　　要：以中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所的相关研究成果为代表,系统总结了我国近十几年来在光学反射镜材料,非球面光学系统设计、加工与检测,空间相机集成与测试等方面取得的最新进展,结合典型在轨应用实例,展现技术进步带来的优势,同时也展望了光学系统先进制造技术的发展趋势。Significance Over the last decade,the performance of space optical systems has been significantly improved through the efforts of optical researchers in China and abroad.Two critical specifications of an Earth Observing(EO)system are resolution and swath.By this measure,China's recently launched commercial EO systems have reached a world-class level.These inspiring achievements are the results of courageous innovations and substantial practices in reflective optical materials,optical design,aspheric fabricating and testing,and system assembly.Advanced manufacturing technologies of optical systems include mirror blank preparation,optical design,fabrication,coating,testing,and system assembly,which is an enabling technology for high-performance optical systems.The imaging optical system is an information collecting system rather than a simple energy collecting system.An important indicator to assess its performance is the information collecting capacity.For example,the requirements for the EO payloads are higher resolution and wider imaging swath.However,constrained by launch costs and working environments,the volume and mass of space optical systems are strictly restricted.Therefore,some common requirements for its manufacturing technology are summarized as follows.First,the mirror materials should have high specific stiffness and thermal deformation resistance to reduce the cost of launch mass and thermal control.Second,the systems with large aperture,long focal length,and large field of view(FoV)simultaneously are needed to solve the contradiction of high resolution and wide swath,and this results in multiple-mirror on-axis or off-axis design.Aspheric surfaces or even freeform surfaces are employed to increase the design freedom and balance the large off-axis field aberrations.Nevertheless,the off-axis aspheric or freeform design causes asymmetric mirror shape and system layout.Consequently,unlike the conventional slow lapping process,the deterministic computer-controlled optical surfacing(CCOS)technique is nece

关 键 词：光学设计 空间相机 非球面 自由曲面 先进制造 

分 类 号：O439[机械工程—光学工程]