《民法典》第537条(债权人代位权行使效果)诉讼评注  

Procedural Commentary on Article 537 of the Civil Code(Exercise Effect of Creditor's Subrogation)

作　　者：蒲一苇[1] Pu Yiwei

机构地区：[1]宁波大学法学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《法学杂志》2023年第3期18-32,共15页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“民事司法智能化设计的理论方案研究”(项目编号:18ZDA142)的阶段性成果;清华大学自主科研计划资助。

摘　　要：《民法典》第537条沿袭了《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的解释(一)》第20条的规定,在债权人代位权的行使效果上采取“直接受偿规则”,使得代位权的制度本旨从债权保全转向债权实现,由此导致债权人代位诉讼的内部关系和诉讼结构出现了本质变化,不再符合传统的诉讼担当原理,需要重新进行理论阐释和制度构造。按照“直接受偿规则”,债权人代位诉讼的诉讼标的应为债权人的代位权,债权人作为实体法利益归属主体本身即属于适格当事人;债务人可作为有独立请求权第三人或者无独立请求权第三人参加诉讼,法院所作判决对债务人具有既判力。Article 537 of the Civil Code follows the Article 20 of the Interpretation of the Contract Law(I),and adopts the"direct-discharge rule"in the exercise effect of creditor's subrogation,so that the purpose of the system of the creditor's right subrogation shifts from preservation of claims to realization of claims,resulting in essential changes in the internal relationship and litigation structure of creditor's subrogation litigation,which no longer conforms to the traditional system of litigation undertaking,and needs to be re-explained and systematically reconstructed.According to the rule of direct-discharge,the subject matter of the creditor's subrogation litigation should be the creditor's right of subrogation,and the creditor,as the subject of substantive law interests,is qualified as a party itself;The debtor may participate in the litigation as a third party with independent claim or a third party without independent claim,and the judgment made by the court has res judicata effect on the debtor.

关 键 词：代位权 直接受偿规则 诉讼担当 诉讼标的 既判力 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]