国家应急科研机制建设:经验事实与政策进路  

Construction of national emergency scientific research mechanism in China:The experiential facts and policy approaches

作　　者：梁中[1] Liang Zhong(School of Business Management,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233030,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学工商管理学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《科研管理》2023年第5期1-8,共8页Science Research Management

摘　　要：在总体国家安全观的战略视域下,为推动科技研发力量迅速嵌入重大公共危机应对领域,探索构建结构完备、运转有序的国家应急科研机制,提高体系化对抗能力,已成为国家安全与创新治理现代化建设进程中的重要命题。为此,立足于中国改革开放以来应急科研处置的经验事实,对其从条块分割到多层次、多主体、跨部门协同联动不断强化,从单一“行政指挥线”到“行政指挥线”和“学术指挥线”并行与融合,从“单灾种”、短期性、“个案化”应急科研处置到指向多灾种、多尺度、“专常兼备”的制度化应急处置框架构建这一实践演进逻辑进行系统分析,并从技术支撑和制度保障两个层面明确内在的变革驱动机制。在此基础上,从国家应急科研机制的内涵和运行特征界定入手,围绕其构建方向尝试提出从“非常态应对”转向“战略化存在”、从“排他性竞争”转向“多元合作创新”、从“封闭式决策”转向“开放型决策”这三个基本理论逻辑。同时,结合我国应急科研管理的独特现实情景,针对关键政策议题,就启动重大突发事件应急科研情景构建工作、建立以主动触发机制为核心的应急科研响应系统、深化中枢指挥机制改革等实践进路提出建议,以期为完善新时期中国特色的应急科研管理体系提供借鉴。Under the strategic vision of the overall national security concept,in order to promote the rapid embedding of scientific and technological research and development forces in the field of major public crisis response,it has become an important subject in the process of modernization of national security and innovation governance to explore the construction of a well-structured and orderly national emergency scientific research mechanism and improve the ability of systematic against major risk challenges.Therefore,based on the empirical facts of emergency scientific research disposal since China′s reform and opening up,it has been continuously strengthened from segmentation to multi-level,multi-agent and cross-departmental coordination,from a single"administrative command line"to a parallel integration of"administrative command line"and"academic command line".This paper systematically analyzes the practical evolution logic from the"single disaster","short-term"and"single case-based"emergency scientific research disposal mechanism to the construction of an institutionalized emergency disposal framework that points to multiple disasters,multi-scale and"integration of emergency standing force and professional force",and to clarify the internal driving mechanism of change from the two aspects of technical support and institutional guarantee.On this basis,starting from the connotation analysis and operation characteristics(mainly contain centralized organizational operation,applied scientific research orientation and modular functional structure)definition of the national emergency scientific research mechanism,based on the two-dimensional governance analytical vision of the fusion of national security governance and innovation governance,persisting in system thinking and bottom line-thinking and focusing on the judgment of its theoretical construction direction,this paper tentatively puts forward three levels of logical transformation views:from the"abnormal response"logic characterized by short-term,temporary and p

关 键 词：国家应急科研机制 双维治理 新冠疫情 

分 类 号：G322.0[文化科学]