中国共产党地下机关设置的调适(1927—1937)  

The Adaptation of the Establishment of Underground CPC Organizations(1927-1937)

作　　者：李里 Li Li

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会主义历史与文献研究院,上海200241

出　　处：《历史研究》2023年第2期120-140,M0006,M0007,共23页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基地重大项目“历史变局下江南地区帝国主义认知的形成史研究(1895—1937)”(22JJD770028)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：机关是政党维系组织运作的枢纽。1927年大革命失败后,中国共产党借鉴之前公开机关的组织经验,扩大机关规模,使地下机关负责群众工作,并通过租赁房屋来设置地下机关,结果面临严重风险、成本压力和党内舆论压力。1930年,中共尝试推行机关群众化,以在业党员取代机关专职党员,以党员、群众的家庭及公共场所代替租赁房屋的方式缓解地下机关设置的困境。但在“左”倾关门主义政策影响下,群众工作被局限于地下革命群众团体中,机关群众化的尝试收效甚微。1935年后,中共逐渐改变地下机关设置方式,明确提出秘密工作与公开工作相互分离,精简机关规模,实现了地下组织的成功转型。The party organization play an important role in the organizational operation of a political party.Based on successful experience in the construction of public organization,after the failure of the Great Revolution in 1927,the CPC expanded these,and established underground organization to undertake of mass work.Based in rented houses,these underground organization faced various pressures.In 1930,the CPC underground attempted to achieve"massification"of organization,replacing professional cadres with part-time cadres,and households or public places with rented houses,in order to alleviate pressures relating to the establishment of underground organization.However,under a closed-door policy,underground organization were unable to operate effectively within families or in public settings.A reorganization,separating underground from public work after 1935,marked the successful transformation of underground CPC organizations.

关 键 词：中国共产党 地下党 组织建设 群众工作 白区 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]