不确定性、信息生产与数字经济发展  

Uncertainty,Information Production and the Development of Digital Economy

作　　者：杨虎涛 胡乐明[1,2] YANG Hu-tao;HU Le-ming(School of Economics,UCASS;Institute of Economics,CASS)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学经济学院 [2]中国社会科学院经济研究所

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2023年第4期24-41,共18页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“数字经济推动高质量发展的政治经济学研究”(批准号20AJL004)。

摘　　要：信息的功能在于克服不确定性,数字经济的发展体现了通过信息克服不确定性以优化经济效率的技术—经济进路。工业革命以来,工业生产依次经历了机械化、机电化、电子化和光电化四个阶段,对信息的使用也从封装简单指令性信息、集成化、模块化发展到当前以数字化、智能化、全时空、多主体为特征的“数据+连接”信息生产体系。在这一过程中,企业内分工不确定性的消减与社会分工不确定性增加的矛盾,构成企业不断扩展信息生产体系边界的动力,对信息的使用也逐步从对单个机器设备、机器体系的指令封装,发展为涵盖生产过程和交易过程的多主体“数据+连接”的体系。以大数据、云计算和5G等新一代数字技术为代表的数字经济的本质,是通过“数据+连接”方式建立一个将数据从资源转换为信息的信息生产体系,在更大的时空范围和更广泛的经济主体间消减经济活动的不确定性。This paper attempts to answer the question:why does the digital economy emerge?Our basic idea is that the high efficiency of information utilization is what constitutes the digital economy.The core function of information is to overcome uncertainty,and the development of digital technology and digital economy reflects the techno-economic path of overcoming uncertainty through information to optimize economic efficiency.This paper draws inspirations from Marx’s theories on the intra-firm and social division of labor(i.e.,two types of division of labor theory),and proposes the following explanatory framework:division of labor-increased uncertainty-information to eliminate uncertainty-further division of labor-another kind of uncertainty-removing uncertainty through more efficient information.We argue that in order to standardize the use of information in large scale,firms should“encapsulate”information as instructions embedded in machine systems.The development of modern industry from tool machines to mechatronics and modularity is a manifestation of the“encapsulation”of instructions.However,in the sense of social production,the more successful a company is in encapsulating directive information,the more complicated the division of its production chain becomes,indicating the deepening of social division of labor.In this case,the other two types of uncertainty faced by companies become higher:one is the managerial transaction,that is,hierarchical management and control within a company;and the other is the bargain transaction,that is,market transactions.This requires the enterprise to reduce uncertainty through a system of information production that covers more subjects and a larger spatio-temporal area,which leads to further division of labor within the enterprise and thus the deepening of the social division of labor.Since the Industrial Revolution,industrial production has gone through four stages of mechanization,electromechanization,electronization and opto-electronization,and the use of information

关 键 词：数字经济 信息生产体系 数据连接 不确定性 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]