不同生物源农药对内蒙古地区蒙古黄芪白粉病的田间防效研究  

Effects of Different Biogenic Pesticides on Field Control of Powdery Mildew of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：郭文欣 何倩 牛慧 王佳 葛爱国 于建财 黄聪颖 李旻辉[1] 李正男 张春红[1,4] GUO Wen-xin;HE Qiana;NIU Hui;WANG Jia;GE Ai-guo;YU Jian-cai;HUANG Cong-ying;LI Min-hui;LI Zheng-nan;ZHANG Chun-hong(Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014040,China;Inner Mongolia Shengqitang Ecological Medicine Plant Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010000,China;College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of The Planting and Development of Astragalus membranaceus of the Geoherbs,Baotou 014040,China)

机构地区：[1]包头医学院,内蒙古包头014040 [2]内蒙古盛齐堂生态药植有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [3]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]道地药材蒙古黄芪种植与开发内蒙古自治区工程研究中心,内蒙古包头014040

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2023年第4期854-858,共5页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0144);内蒙古自治区教育厅项目(NMSC18065);内蒙古自治区中医药(蒙医药)中青年领军人才培育项目(2022-[RC001]);内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划项目(NMGIRT2326)。

摘　　要：目的:探究不同生物源农药对蒙古黄芪白粉病的防治效果,为内蒙古地区蒙古黄芪生态种植专用生物源农药的选择提供依据。方法:在内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市和林格尔县,以清水为空白对照、25%多菌灵为阳性对照,选择市售、农业中白粉病防治效果较好的11种生物源农药(1.5%苦参•蛇床素、0.5%小檗碱、哈茨木霉菌+枯草芽孢杆菌、80%硫磺、几丁聚糖、0.3%丁子香酚、5%氨基寡糖素、大蒜素、0.5%大黄素甲醚、碳酸氢钠、解淀粉芽孢杆菌),施药3次,以病叶率、病情指数为考察指标,研究不同药剂对蒙古黄芪白粉病的防治效果。结果:给药前不同组别间病叶率差异无统计学意义,表明试验田各组别蒙古黄芪白粉病发病情况基本一致;在第3次给药7 d后,与空白对照相比,1.5%苦参•蛇床素、80%硫磺、25%多菌灵和碳酸氢钠组的蒙古黄芪病叶率显著降低(P<0.05),表明防治效果较好,其中1.5%苦参•蛇床素、80%硫磺与阳性对照防治效果相当,三者间防治效果差异无统计学意义;12种药剂中80%硫磺、1.5%苦参•蛇床素、25%多菌灵的平均防治效果为49.26%、33.95%、39.78%,防治效果较好,三者间防治效果差异无统计学意义。结论:1.5%苦参•蛇床素、80%硫磺可成为内蒙古地区蒙古黄芪白粉病专用生物源农药。Objective:To investigate the effects of different biogenic pesticides on the field control of powdery mildew of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus to provide a scientific basis for the selection of a dedicated biogenic pesticide for the ecological cultivation of A.membracus in Inner Mongolia.Methods:The test was conducted in Horinger County of Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.With water as blank control and 25%carbendazim as positive control,11 commercially available biogenic pesticides with good control of powdery mildew in agriculture were selected[1.5%matrine·osthole,0.5%berberine,Trichoderma harzianum+Bacillus subtilis,80%sulfur,chitosan,0.3%eugenol,5%oligochitosan,allicin,0.5%physcion,sodium bicarbonate,and B.amyloliquefaciens].The pesticides were sprayed three times.The rate of diseased leaves and disease index were used as indicators to study the effects of different pesticides on the control of powdery mildew in A.membracus.Results:Before administration,there was no significant difference in diseased leaf rate among different groups,indicating that the incidence of powdery mildew in A.membracus in all groups was basically the same.Seven days after the third administration,compared with the result in the blank control group,the diseased leaf rates of A.membracus in the 1.5%matrine·osthole group,80%sulfur group,25%carbendazim group,and sodium bicarbonate group were significantly reduced(P<0.05),indicating significant control effects.The control effects of the 1.5%matrine·osthole group and 80%sulfur group were similar to that of the positive control group,and there was no significant difference in control effect among them.Among the 12 agents,the average control efficiencies of 80%sulfur,1.5%matrine·osthol,and 25%carbendazim were 49.26%,33.95%,and 39.78%,respectively,showing good control effects,and there was no statistical significance among them.Conclusion:The 1.5%matrine·osthol and 80%sulfur can be used as dedicated biogenic pesticides for powdery mildew in A.membracus in Inner Mongolia.

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪 白粉病 生态种植 生物源 防治效果 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]